Classification and Function Of Oil Casing Pipe

Oil casing, often referred to as "casing," is a critical component of oil country tubular goods (OCTG). OCTG encompasses a variety of products including finished oil casing, tubing, drill pipes, drill collars, couplings, sucker rods, and pup joints. Today, we will delve into the classification and functions of oil casing pipes. Let’s start with the **Drilling Guide Bush**. Primarily utilized in offshore and desert drilling operations, this type of casing plays a vital role in separating seawater and sand to ensure smooth drilling processes. The typical specifications for this casing layer are ∮762mm (30 inches) x 25.4mm and ∮762mm (30 inches) x 19.06mm. These dimensions are specifically designed to handle the unique challenges posed by marine environments and arid conditions. Next, we have the **Surface Casing**, which is indispensable during the initial stages of drilling. Its purpose is to drill through softer soil layers down to the bedrock, providing stability and preventing the collapse of the formation. Surface casing is also required to achieve proper sealing. Common specifications for surface casing include diameters of 508mm (20 inches), 406.4mm (16 inches), 339.73mm (13-3/8 inches), 273.05mm (10-3/4 inches), and 244.48mm (9-5/9 inches). The depth of the casing depends on the thickness of the soft formation, usually ranging between 80 meters to 1500 meters. Due to its limited exposure to external and internal pressures, surface casing generally employs steel grades like K55 or N80. Moving on to the **Technical Casing**, this is used when drilling through more complex geological formations, such as those prone to collapse, oil, gas, water, loss zones, or salt-gypsum layers. If not properly sealed with technical casing, these layers could hinder further drilling progress. In deep and intricate wells, several layers of technical casing may be necessary. Therefore, it demands excellent mechanical properties and sealing capabilities. Steel grades commonly used include N80 and P110, while in extremely deep wells, non-API standards such as Q125 or even V150 may be employed. The main specifications for technical casing range from 339.73mm (13-3/8 inches) to 177.8mm (7 inches). Finally, there’s the **Oil Layer Casing**, which comes into play once the target layer—typically an oil and gas-bearing zone—is reached. This casing is responsible for sealing both the oil and gas layer and any exposed overlying strata. Among all types of casings, reservoir casing achieves the greatest depth and requires the highest level of mechanical and sealing performance. Steel grades frequently used include K55, N80, P110, Q125, and V150. The primary specifications for oil layer casing include diameters of 177.8mm (7 inches), 168.28mm (6-5/8 inches), 139.7mm (5-1/2 inches), 127mm (5 inches), and 114.3mm (4-1/2 inches). Each type of casing serves a specific purpose and is tailored to address particular challenges encountered during drilling operations. Understanding their classifications and functions is essential for optimizing drilling efficiency and ensuring safety in oil extraction processes.

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