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Such collectors with cations from the solution to produce a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group, it is also known cationic collector, collector gold colored metal oxide ore, quartz, feldspar, mica, aluminum silicate, and potassium .
The amine is a derivative in which H in NH3 is substituted by a hydrocarbon group, and is classified into a first (primary), a second (secondary), a third (tertiary) amine, and a quaternary ammonium depending on the number of hydrocarbon groups.
The amine used as the collector is mostly the first amine, and the structure of the hydrocarbon group depends on the raw materials used. At present, the fatty acid obtained by using oxidized paraffin (a mixed fatty acid of C10~C20) is used as a raw material to prepare a mixed fat first amine, which is referred to as a mixed amine, a fatty amine, a first rubber, and the like.
The mixed amine is a pale yellow waxy body at room temperature, has a pungent odor, is insoluble in water, and is soluble in an acidic solution or an organic solvent. When used, it can be mixed with hydrochloric acid and mixed amine in 1:1, heated and dissolved, and then diluted with water to a 1% to 0.1% aqueous solution. The flotation properties of cationic collectors are related to the length of their hydrocarbon chains.
The hydrochloric acid solution of the first amine is dissociated and hydrolyzed as follows:
RNH2+HCI≒RNH2·HCI
RNH2·HCI≒RNH3+ ten CI-
RNH3+≒RNH2+H+
The presence of RNH2 · HCI, RNH3 +, RNH2 in the slurry and their respective concentrations are closely related to the pulp pH.
The amine collector molecules dissociate from the cation in water and have a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group on the cation, thus belonging to an isopolar cation collector. Commonly used cationic collectors are dodecyl first amines, which are dissociated in aqueous solution.
C12H25NH2 å H2O≒C12H25NH3++OH-
The aqueous solution is alkaline and reacts with an acid to form a salt. Its carbon chain length is generally C10 ~ C18 because it is difficult to dissolve in water, it needs to be formulated into a hydrochloride or acetate solution.
The cations in the formula interact with the mineral surface. In addition to its trapping properties, amine collectors also have foaming properties.
When the amine is used to float the non-ferrous metal oxide ore, it is mostly carried out in an alkaline medium. At this time, sufficient RNH2 is formed. The unique electrons of nitrogen atoms in RNH2 form complexes with Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+ ions on the mineral surface, making the mineral surface hydrophobic. When the amine cation is a flotation active ingredient, the cation RNH3+ is an active ingredient for flotation if it is floated in a relatively acidic medium (when the mineral surface is positively charged).
Compared with other amines, quaternary ammonium salt cation collectors are characterized by high solubility, selectivity and non-toxicity in water.
When using amine collectors, be aware of:
(1) The amine collector cannot be added simultaneously with the anion collector. Because the ions of these two classes of agents react with each other in solution, a higher molecular weight insoluble salt is formed.
(2) The amine has a certain foaming ability and has certain adaptability to the hardness of water. However, if the hardness of water is too high, the amount of the amine needs to be increased.
(3) The amine can preferentially adhere to the slime, resulting in a decrease in selectivity. Therefore, the slime should be removed before flotation.
(4) amines and neutral oils may be mixed, such as with a cationic collector flotation of quartz and kerosene.
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