Everything you need to know about Velomobiles

In recent years, bicycles and tricycles have become more common, but there's a unique variation that's still relatively unknown: the velomobile. While traditional bikes are widely accepted, velomobiles—often called velocars—are a rare and fascinating blend of bicycle and car. Despite their cool design and efficiency, they're not always covered by insurance. However, they continue to attract enthusiasts who appreciate their speed, comfort, and eco-friendly nature.

What Are Velomobiles?

Velomobiles are like a hybrid between a bicycle and a car, typically with two or three wheels, though some models can have more. The rider sits in an upright or reclined position, similar to a recumbent bike. Unlike regular bikes, they’re fully enclosed, which offers better aerodynamics, weather protection, and safety in case of an accident. This design allows them to reach higher speeds than conventional human-powered vehicles, making them ideal for both racing and everyday use.

Who Uses Velomobiles?

Velomobiles appeal to a wide range of people, from casual riders to serious cyclists and even engineers. They’re used for recreation, exercise, and even as a sustainable alternative to cars. Their versatility makes them perfect for those looking for something different. Many velomobiles are also used in endurance races and efficiency studies, where electric-assisted versions with solar panels can be up to 80 times more efficient than electric cars.

History of Velomobiles

The concept of velomobiles dates back over a century. In the 1920s, Charles Mochet built one of the first "bike-cars" for his son, sparking a new trend. Early designs were made using steel frames and plywood, while later models incorporated more advanced materials. One notable example from the 1970s was the People Powered Vehicle, which featured a side-by-side seating arrangement but was bulky and hard to handle. Despite these challenges, velomobiles have remained a niche but passionate interest among cycling enthusiasts.

Notable Velomobile Models

There are several popular velomobile designs today, including body-on-frame, Alleweder (monocoque), and FRP-based models. Each has its own advantages. Body-on-frame designs allow for flexibility in materials and configurations, while monocoque models offer a sleeker look and improved aerodynamics. Electric versions are also gaining popularity, offering extra power for longer rides or hilly terrain. Some models even feature hybrid systems that store energy for later use, making them more efficient and practical for daily commutes.

Body-on-Frame Design

This design uses a separate frame and an enclosed body, allowing for customization. It’s ideal for DIY builders who want to create their own unique velomobile. Materials can range from fabric and wood to fiberglass and carbon fiber, offering a variety of options for weight, durability, and aesthetics.

Alleweder (Monocoque)

This method involves constructing a single-piece body from aluminum, often riveted together. While it offers a strong and lightweight structure, it can be expensive due to the labor involved. Kits are available to make this process more accessible to hobbyists.

FRP Monocoque

Using fiber-reinforced plastic, this design is lighter and more aerodynamic than aluminum, though more costly. It’s ideal for performance-oriented riders who prioritize speed and efficiency.

Power-Assisted Models

Electric velomobiles are becoming more popular, especially in urban areas. Some models even use regenerative braking to store energy, making them more efficient and eco-friendly.

Key Features to Consider

When choosing a velomobile, consider factors like wheel configuration, open vs. closed design, braking system, and drivetrain. Tadpole tricycles (two front wheels, one rear) offer stability, while two-wheel models are faster but less stable. Open designs are better for warm weather, while closed ones provide more protection. Drum brakes are common, but disc brakes may be preferred for better stopping power. Drivetrains are usually similar to bikes, but many include protective covers to prevent wear from the elements.

Essential Accessories

While velomobiles come with basic features, adding accessories can enhance your experience and safety. A helmet is essential, even in enclosed models. A good lock is necessary to protect your investment, and bells or horns help you communicate with others on the road. Lights are important for visibility, especially if you ride in low-light conditions. Water bottle holders and phone mounts are also useful for long rides. Mirrors can improve awareness and help avoid accidents in busy areas.

Where to Ride

In most countries, velomobiles are treated like bicycles and can be ridden on bike lanes, shared paths, and city roads. They aren’t allowed on highways, however. When sharing the road with cars, it's important to be visible and cautious. Using daytime running lights and a safety flag can help increase your visibility. On shared paths, be mindful of other users and keep your speed under control to avoid collisions.

Protecting Your Velomobile

Since velomobiles are rare and often valuable, it’s important to take steps to protect them. Always secure your velomobile with a strong U-lock when it's not in use, even in a garage. Theft can happen anywhere, so never assume it's safe just because it's indoors. Taking care of your velomobile ensures it will last for many years of enjoyable rides.