Everything you need to know about Velomobiles

Over the past few years, bicycles and tricycles have become more common in everyday life. While tricycles aren't as popular as standard bikes, most people are familiar with both. However, there's a unique variation called velomobiles—often considered a cool mode of transportation. Unfortunately, our underwriters no longer offer coverage for them. But that doesn’t mean they’re not worth knowing about. Velomobiles are a fun, rare, and fascinating alternative to traditional cycles.

What Are Velomobiles?

Velomobiles, sometimes called velocars, can be thought of as a hybrid between a bicycle and a car. They typically have two or three wheels, though some models can have more. Riders sit in either an upright or recumbent position, similar to traditional bikes or trikes. Unlike regular bicycles, however, velomobiles are fully enclosed, offering protection from weather, wind, and even potential accidents. This design also improves aerodynamics, allowing them to reach higher speeds than conventional pedal-powered vehicles.

Some velomobiles are built specifically for racing and have set world records for efficiency and speed. Though not all are designed for competition, they still provide a thrilling ride and are often used for recreation, commuting, or even as a sustainable alternative to motor vehicles.

Who Uses Velomobiles?

Velomobiles appeal to a wide range of users, from casual riders to serious enthusiasts. Many people who enjoy recumbent bikes make the switch, but anyone can appreciate the unique experience of riding a velomobile. These vehicles are versatile and can be used for entertainment, exercise, or even as a replacement for a car. With so many customization options available, there’s likely a velomobile that fits your lifestyle.

Beyond recreation, velomobiles are often studied for their efficiency and are even used in endurance events. Some electrically assisted models equipped with solar panels have achieved impressive energy efficiencies—up to 80 times better than electric cars!

History of Velomobiles

The concept of velomobiles dates back over a century. Before World War II, Charles Mochet created a “bike-car” for his son, which inspired him to develop various designs known as “velocars.” The first publicized mention of the term “velocar” was in 1927. Over time, Mochet designed one-, two-, and four-seat vehicles, eventually adding small engines to some models.

Early designs used techniques like the “birdcage” method, where fabric was stretched over a wire frame and then painted to shrink it into a rigid structure. In the 1970s, the People Powered Vehicle emerged—a compact, side-by-side tandem velomobile—but it had issues with braking and weight.

Though velomobiles fell out of mainstream popularity as motor vehicles became more common, they continue to attract a passionate community of riders today.

Notable Velomobiles on the Market

Since their invention, over 30 different velomobile designs have been published. Among these, a few have stood the test of time and remain popular today. Due to their niche nature, only a handful of manufacturers produce them, but DIY kits allow enthusiasts to build their own models at home.

Body-on-Frame

This design consists of a cycle and an enclosed body. It allows for flexibility in materials, such as fabric, wood, or carbon fiber. The body can be removed or replaced easily, making this style ideal for customization.

Alleweder (Monocoque)

Monocoque designs use a single-piece body made from aluminum or other materials. While durable and efficient, this construction is more expensive due to the complexity of riveting and shaping the frame.

FRP Monocoque with Aluminum Subframe

This design uses fiber-reinforced plastic for the body and welded aluminum tubes for the frame. It offers improved strength-to-weight ratio and aerodynamics, though it comes at a higher cost.

Power-Assisted Models

Electric velomobiles are becoming more popular. One example is the Northern Light 428, which features a hybrid system that stores energy during easier rides for use when climbing hills.

Features to Be Aware Of

Velomobiles come in a variety of configurations, so it’s important to consider your needs before choosing one. Here are some key features to look for:

Wheel Configurations

Most modern velomobiles use a “tadpole” layout with two front wheels and one in the back, offering greater stability. Four-wheel models are less common but provide more cargo space. Two-wheel models rely on a retractable parking wheel for balance at low speeds.

Open vs. Closed

Enclosed velomobiles protect you from the elements, while open models offer more ventilation. Choose based on your climate and riding conditions.

Braking System

Drum brakes are common due to their ease of maintenance, but disc brakes may offer better performance. Brake lights are essential if you plan to ride on shared roads.

Drivetrain and Gears

Velomobiles use standard bike drivetrains with chain protection to prevent wear from dirt and moisture.

Accessories

While velomobiles are unique, many bike accessories can be adapted for use with them. Here are some essentials:

Helmet

A helmet is crucial, even in enclosed models. Ensure it fits snugly and doesn’t interfere with your vision or comfort.

Lock

Use a strong U-lock or chain to secure your velomobile, especially in public areas.

Bell or Horn

These help alert others to your presence, especially in busy areas.

Lights

Front and rear lights improve visibility and safety, even during daylight hours.

Water Bottle Holder

Staying hydrated is important, especially on longer rides.

Phone Mount

A mount helps keep your phone secure while using GPS navigation.

Mirrors

Mirrors enhance road awareness, especially in urban environments.

Where to Ride

In most countries, including the US, velomobiles are classified as bicycles and are allowed on bike lanes, shared paths, and city roads. However, they are not permitted on highways. When riding with cars, be cautious—velomobiles are small and can be hard to see. Consider using daytime running lights and a safety flag to increase visibility.

Protecting Your Velomobile

Since velomobiles are rare, it’s important to protect them from theft. Always lock your velomobile securely, even in a garage. A solid U-lock or chain attached to a fixed object is the best way to ensure its safety.