Powder Powder Granulation Technology and Equipment Status in China (2)

Extrusion granulation is currently the most widely used method for pressure forming in the powder industry in China. Based on working principles and structural differences, extrusion granulation equipment can be categorized into several types, including vacuum pressure rod granulators, single- or double-screw extruders, model punch presses, plunger extruders, roll extruders, and gear roll granulators. These machines are extensively applied across various industries such as petrochemicals, organic chemistry, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, feed, and fertilizers. The advantages of this method include strong adaptability, high production capacity, uniform particle size, good mechanical strength, and a high granulation efficiency. The DLJ series crushing granulator, developed based on the single-screw granulator, addresses the challenge of crushing colloidal materials. It is especially suitable for breaking down high molecular weight polymers like polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate, thereby expanding the application scope of extrusion granulation techniques. For materials that require specific shapes—such as rings, clover-like, or porous particles—a plunger extruder is typically used. In China, research on plunger extruders has advanced significantly. The plunger diameter ranges from 50 to 250 mm, with particle sizes between 2 and 20 mm, allowing for over 20 different particle forms. The spray and dispersion mist method involves converting liquid or semi-liquid materials into solid particles directly within a specialized device. Equipment used includes spray drying towers, spray dryers, prilling towers, spouted bed dryers, fluidized bed dryers, and air flow dryers. This method requires pumpable and dispersible liquid feed, with continuous and automated operation being standard. The system must also account for wear and powder entrapment, often allowing for recycling. Particle size is generally limited to 5 mm or smaller. A major benefit is that granulation and drying occur simultaneously. This technique is widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals, mining, and ceramics. However, it results in weaker particles and smaller sizes. Modern systems can produce particles as small as 50–500 microns, with capacities exceeding 30 tons per hour. Hot-melt molding utilizes the low melting point of materials (usually below 300°C). Molten material is condensed and crystallized into desired shapes such as sheets, strips, blocks, or hemispheres. The main types of equipment include drum slicing machines and rotary cold belt drop molding devices. Drum slicing involves cooling and crystallizing molten material by bringing it into contact with a cooled drum. A thin film forms on the drum surface, which is then scraped off to create a sheet product. This method offers compact design, efficient cooling, and wide applicability. It is commonly used in producing high-molecular products like petroleum resins and chemical compounds such as phthalic anhydride and higher fatty alcohols. Its use in China's powder industry has become more widespread and technologically mature. The rotary cold belt drop molding machine uses thin steel belts for heat transfer and atomized spray cooling, offering efficient heat exchange, rapid solidification, and a wide range of applications. It can produce various shapes like hemispheres, strips, and flakes. The dual-speed drive system allows for easy automation, ensuring clean production, high purity, and minimal dusting during discharge. This technology is now widely used in China, with over 100 industrial units in operation and several invention patents secured. It has reached international standards.

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