Orchard soil fertilization

Orchard Soil Fertilization

Applying organic and most inorganic fertilizers below the soil surface is a recommended practice. This method helps the tree roots absorb nutrients more effectively, promotes stronger tree growth, and minimizes fertilizer loss due to runoff or evaporation. Proper placement of fertilizers ensures that nutrients are directly available to the root system, enhancing overall plant health.

The first method is known as "whole garden fertilization." In this approach, fertilizer is evenly spread across the entire orchard area and then mixed into the soil using a hoe or by tilling. If there is grass present, the fertilizer can be applied directly onto the grass before tilling. After fertilizing, it's ideal to water the area thoroughly to help the nutrients penetrate the soil. This technique is especially effective for large areas and is suitable for mature trees and densely planted orchards, as it allows for better root absorption over a wide area.

The second method is called "ring fertilization." A circular trench is dug around the outer edge of the tree’s canopy. If a large amount of fertilizer is needed, the trench can be deepened. After applying the fertilizer, it should be covered with soil immediately. This method is best suited for young trees or early fruit-bearing trees. However, it is not recommended for trees that are too closely spaced, as it may cause root damage or uneven nutrient distribution.

The third method is "radial (radiating) groove fertilization." Here, trenches are dug from the base of the tree outward in a radial pattern, starting just inside the outer edge of the canopy and extending beyond it. Typically, 4 to 6 grooves are made, with their width and depth depending on the amount of fertilizer used. After filling the grooves with fertilizer, the soil is covered. This method causes less root disturbance and encourages better nutrient uptake. It is ideal for mature trees but not recommended for very densely planted orchards. To avoid repeated damage to the same root zones, the position of the grooves should be changed each year.

The fourth method involves "inter-row ditch fertilization," where trenches are dug between the rows of fruit trees. Multiple ditches can be created, and fertilizer is placed into them before covering with soil. This method is efficient for mechanical or animal-assisted operations and is commonly used in many foreign orchards. It offers high efficiency and ease of application, but it requires the orchard to have flat ground and proper spacing for easy access and irrigation.

Source: New Rural Business Network

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