CNC Machine Parts: X-axis Fault Repair

X-Axis Clearance Too Much Fault Repair

Symptom: A CNC machine tool using the FANUC OMC model XH754 is experiencing excessive clearance on the X-axis.

Analysis and Processing: The X-axis clearance can come from multiple sources, such as coupling clearance, bearing clearance, screw clearance, and mechanical elastic clearance. After removing the X-axis guard plate and turning off the power, the operator manually turned the screw back and forth, noticing a significant free play. Adjusting the bearing clearance by tightening the nut did not resolve the issue, leading to the suspicion that there might be a problem with the ball screw nut.

The screw nut and worktable were loosened, but no gap was found. Further inspection of the bearing seat revealed that the inner rings of the two-point contact bearings (back-to-back) had been tightened together. Normally, there should be a small amount of clearance for adjustment. To address this, a 1mm thick ring washer was added between the outer diameters of the bearings, allowing an adjustment margin of approximately 0.8mm for the inner rings. After reinstallation and proper tightening of the bearing lock nut, parameter 0535 was set to 0, and the X-axis clearance was measured at 0.02mm. Then, setting parameter 0535 to 15 reduced the clearance to 0.01mm, effectively eliminating the X-axis clearance issue.

X-Axis Encoder Alarm Fault Repair

Symptoms: A CNC machine tool equipped with the FANUC OMC model XH754 generates alarm 319 during operation.

Analysis and Processing: According to the maintenance manual, the fault may be caused by a malfunction in the X-axis pulse encoder or a communication error. Checking diagnosis number 760 showed multiple issues, indicating a possible faulty encoder or feedback cable. The M185 connector of the X-axis encoder cable was tested first and appeared normal, so it was concluded that the X-axis serial encoder was defective.

To confirm, the cables M184 and M194, along with M185 and M195, and the corresponding motor three-phase drive lines were swapped inside the cabinet. This changed the alarm to 339, which indicated a Z-axis issue, confirming the X-axis encoder was faulty. Replacing the encoder resolved the problem.

Overtravel Alarm Fault Repair

Symptoms: A CNC machine tool using the FANUC OMC model XH754 triggers an "OVER TRAVEL-X" alarm when the X-axis returns to zero.

Analysis and Processing: Upon inspection, the X-axis alarm occurred far from the physical limit, and the displayed X-coordinate exceeded the X-axis range, confirming it was a soft limit overtravel alarm. Parameter 0704 was checked and found to be normal. By holding down the P key while powering on the NC system, the machine could return to zero without triggering the soft limit check. Alternatively, changing parameter 0704 to -99999999 and then reverting it back to the original value allowed successful homing. Another method involved pressing the P key and CAN key simultaneously to power on, which also cleared the alarm.

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