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The orientation of industrial investment policy is to limit the blind expansion of the production capacity of high-energy-consuming industries, shift the focus of development to optimizing the structure, technological progress, and saving energy and reducing consumption. In the next five years, it will strive to eliminate 100 million tons of small steel production capacity; industrial trade The policy is to curb the export of high energy-consuming raw materials, and has eliminated export tax rebates for products such as electrolytic aluminum, coke, ferro-alloys, and steel billets, and reduced the export tax rebate rate for most steel products from 17% to 8%. The export tax rebate rate for most steel products is reduced to zero.
The issue of resources and energy is a global issue. In recent years, China's rapid growth in resources and energy consumption has aroused widespread concern in the world.
Judging from the macro level, solving the problem of excessively high energy consumption of the gross national product should start with adjusting China's industrial structure, curb the blind development of high-energy-consuming industries, and increase the proportion of service industries and high-tech industries in the national economy.
Energy conservation is the main content of China's energy policy. In China's total social energy consumption, industry accounts for 70%, of which steel, building materials, chemicals, petroleum processing, and non-ferrous metal industry energy consumption accounted for 69% of the national industrial energy consumption. In the context of accelerating the development of the heavy chemical industry and increasing the proportion of heavy chemical industries, the issue of industrial restructuring is of critical importance and has great potential.
The development guideline for China’s industry will continue to be the main traction for quadrupling the GNP by 2020. In 1995, China achieved a GDP quadrupling from 1980, with the largest contribution from industry. The average annual growth rate of industry in the 15 years reached 12.37%, and the average contribution rate to economic growth reached 37%. Industrial enterprises paid taxes and accounted for the financial Income 1/3. The proportion of industry in GDP reached 42.3%, and it further increased to 44% in 2006. The proportion is highest in all industries.
China’s total industrial economy ranks fourth in the world, and many industrial products such as steel, cement, and chemical fertilizers have been ranked first in the world for many years in terms of scale of production and production.
According to international standards, China’s current level of industrialization is not high, measured by the four indicators of per capita income level, tertiary industry employment structure, industrial internal structure, and urbanization level, especially regional economic development imbalance, agricultural productivity and social development. The level is still relatively backward, and China is still in the stage of rapid development of heavy chemical industry. At the same time, some industries have begun to transition to high degree of processing. From now until 2020, China will still be a period of rapid industrial development.
Chinese industry has developed rapidly since entering this century, but energy consumption has risen, and the elastic coefficient of energy consumption is higher than 1. Under the tide of economic globalization, high energy consumption, high pollution emissions, and low value-added products have been transferred from developed countries to China. Transfer is one of the reasons. For example, in China's export trade, the processing of incoming materials accounts for a significant proportion, among which there is the business of processing aluminum oxide into aluminum ingots. In 2006, China exported more than 9 million tons of steel billets. Although the country has not only cancelled export tax rebates since October 1, 2006, it has also imposed 10% of export tariffs, and there are still a considerable number of billet exports. At present, China's average export price of steel is only more than 600 US dollars, while the average price of imported steel exceeds 1,000 US dollars. The shipbuilding industry has also emerged that South Korea and Japan will ship the ship parts in China and send them back to China for assembly. In this year's China's export commodities, high energy-consuming products such as ferroalloys, metallic silicon, and coke account for a considerable amount of foreign investment in these fields. For countries such as China, where per capita energy resources are not abundant, starting from immediate interests and developing high energy-consuming industries at the expense of the environment and energy consumption are tantamount to exhausting and fishing, which is undesirable. The Chinese government proposes to implement the scientific development concept, take a new road to industrialization, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and vigorously advocate the development of circular economy.
In the past year, the National Development and Reform Commission took measures to adjust the industrial structure to curb excessive growth in investment in hot-spot industries, especially in high-energy-consuming industries.
Formulate planning and industrial policies. The State Council promulgated special plans for the shipbuilding, oil refining, and ethylene industries. The State Council approved the Development and Reform Commission for the issuance of special cement plans and industrial policies. The Development and Reform Commission formulated the PX and PTA industry development plans and guidance for the food, textile, pharmaceutical, and salt manufacturing industries. It is working on the development of guidance for copper, coal chemical, fuel ethanol, fertilizers, tires, rare earth, gold, paper, pharmaceuticals and other industries. In these plans and policies, it is reflected in improving industry access standards and eliminating outdated production capacity with high energy consumption.
Adjust the export policy. To curb the export of high-energy-consuming raw materials, the export tax rebates for products such as electrolytic aluminum, coke, ferro-alloys, and steel billets have been eliminated, and the export tax rebate rate for most steel products has been reduced from 17% to 8%, and most steels are still being studied. The export tax rebate rate of the product is reduced to zero.
Increase the elimination of backward production capacity. In recent years, with technological progress, the elimination of backward production capacity is accelerating, and the elimination of backward production capacity has made progress. China has completely eliminated open hearth steelmaking, self-baked tank electrolytic aluminum technology, the proportion of wet cement has dropped to 50%. The National Development and Reform Commission has signed a letter of responsibility with 50 million kilowatts of outdated small generator sets and oil-fired generator sets within four years in each province and city. In the year, it will strive to eliminate 10 million kilowatts of electricity, and negotiate with all provinces and cities to sign 30 million tons of small iron making, 3500 Ten thousand tons of small steelmaking capacity. In 2007, 3 million tons of straw pulp production capacity will be improved, transformed and transferred. Premier Wen Jiabao has announced in his government work report that we will strive to eliminate the production capacity of 100 million tons of small steel in the next five years. First, small blast furnaces below 300 cubic meters and small ones below 10 tons will be eliminated. It is also forbidden to build blast furnaces below 1,000 cubic meters and converters below 120 tons.
At the same time, we have already deployed and adopted a similar approach, signing the responsibility for the elimination of small cements with the provinces. China's annual production of 1.2 billion tons of cement has been ranked first in the world for more than ten years in a row, but half of it is still behind the wet shaft kiln cement. At the same time, as countries attach importance to environmental protection and energy, they stop producing cement at home, and they are increasingly importing from China. In China's paper industry, high-pollution straw pulping accounts for 70% of the total. In recent years, the proportion of wastepaper in papermaking has increased, but there is still 20% of high-water-supply, high-pollution, small straw pulp papermaking. Plans are being drawn up to increase the elimination.
China is a country with a population of 1.3 billion. The employment situation is very severe. The reason why so many small-scale production enterprises are related to solving employment and increasing local fiscal revenue and tax revenues. Eliminating outdated production capacity is a difficult and complicated task, but in order to complete the task of energy saving and emission reduction, we must overcome difficulties and firmly implement it.
Vigorously develop circular economy. A scholar from China once said that from the perspective of purchasing power parity, China’s GDP energy consumption per million yuan is not high compared with international comparisons. However, we generally do not agree with this view. It is an indisputable fact that the energy consumption per unit of our main products is higher than the international advanced level. For example, China's energy consumption per ton of steel is 15-20% higher than the international advanced level. But at the same time we see energy-saving business opportunities. Only a few of the existing steel plants in China have used blast furnace pressure differential power generation and coke oven gas power generation. Jinan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. tried to use blast furnace pressure difference and coke oven gas to generate electricity, and did not increase production. The newly constructed and rehabilitated steel plant proposed zero emissions, and the power needed was basically based on the waste heat generated by the company's exhaust gas. The water recycling rate reached 90%. If this technology is promoted in major steel mills throughout the country, the energy consumption per ton of steel will be greatly reduced. In the cement industry, most enterprises do not use kiln waste heat to generate electricity. If they are used for promotion, there is a huge potential for energy conservation.
Revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry. The revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry is an important part of adjusting the industrial structure. It can not only effectively reduce the consumption of resources and energy by economic development, but also provide advanced technical equipment support for the optimization and upgrading of the raw material industry. In June last year, the State Council held a working conference to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an and formally issued the “State Council’s Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Equipment Manufacturing Industryâ€, marking that the development of the Chinese equipment manufacturing industry has entered a new stage. From the situation in 2006, the investment and production of equipment manufacturing industry have maintained rapid growth. High value-added petrochemical general machinery, numerical control machine tools, electrical appliances and other equipment manufacturing key areas of strong development momentum, investment growth exceeds the raw material industry, industrial boilers, metal cutting machine tools, metal smelting equipment, locomotives, automobiles and AC motors and other major equipment The development momentum of the manufacturing industry is also very good. Substantial breakthroughs have been made in the development of some major technical equipment.
This year, the National Development and Reform Commission will continue to advance the adjustment of industrial structure and change the mode of growth with related departments. Work focus: First, continue to do a good job of macro-control, strict land, environmental assessment, and loan review of fixed asset investment projects. The content of energy conservation evaluation was increased when approving new projects. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity and urge it to withdraw from the market as soon as possible. The second is to revise and formulate new industrial standards and abolish backward industrial standards. Accelerate the promotion of Euro III and Euro IV standards for automobile emissions in big cities. The third is to continue to promote the localization of major technical equipment, especially to promote the localization of renewable energy equipment such as wind power generation. The fourth is to promote the merger and reorganization of large-scale iron and steel enterprises, cement companies and other manufacturing enterprises. The fifth is to accelerate the development of bio-energy and bio-chemical industries, steadily develop the coal chemical industry, and partially replace petrochemical products and fuels. Sixth, vigorously promote industrial energy conservation and emission reduction.
Investment in China's Industry and Trade Policy Industrial Investment Policy. The main policy framework of the Chinese government for foreign investment management includes the “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industriesâ€, development plans, and industrial policies. It is necessary to draw attention that the policy orientation is to limit the blind expansion of the productive capacity of high-energy-consuming industries and shift the focus of development to optimizing the structure, technological progress, and saving energy and reducing consumption. Therefore, industrial policies have set new requirements for investment management in these industries. For example, the "Iron and Steel Industry Development Policy" stipulates: "The construction of iron and steel, steel, rolling and other projects, the company's own capital ratio must reach 40% and above," raising the proportion of capital requirements. “Foreign steel companies investing in China’s steel industry must have proprietary technology for iron and steel, among which ordinary steel production must reach over 10 million tons last year or high-alloy special steel production should reach 1 million tons. Foreign companies investing in domestic steel companies must combine domestic There is no new point in the implementation of the transformation and relocation of existing iron and steel companies.†The industrial policy treats Chinese companies and foreign investors equally.
The overseas investment of Chinese enterprises is still at the initial stage. The scale of investment is small and the level is not high. The Chinese government supports enterprises to go abroad and participate more in international cooperation. The main responsibility of the government is to strengthen the guidance and require companies to abide by the laws and regulations and policies of the host country, respect the cultural traditions and living habits of the host country, and establish and improve the financial and insurance policies. , Entry and exit management, and other convenient conditions to guide the healthy and orderly development of overseas investment.
Trade policy. In recent years, the Chinese government has made some adjustments to the trade policies of some energy-intensive and resource-intensive products. Iron ore, pig iron, scrap steel, billets, ingots, rare earth ore, phosphate ore, alumina, ferroalloy ore, copper concentrates, etc. are listed in the Catalogue of Prohibited Categories of Processing Trade; canceling unwrought aluminum, ferroalloys, billets, ingots, The export tax rebates for rare earth metals and salts, molybdenum concentrates and other products, as well as a reduction in the export tax rebate rate for some products, the export tax rebate rate for most steel products will be reduced from 11% and 8% to 5% and zero, respectively. The export tax rebate rate for products was reduced from 11% to 8%.
China's policy on export of resource-based products has been adjusted based on the following considerations: First, China as a developing country must avoid problems such as high resource consumption and serious environmental pollution that occur in the process of industrialization in developed countries, and must not allow high energy consumption. The disorderly development of the industry; the second is to adjust the export structure, and then guide the production enterprises in technological progress, improve the level of resource development and utilization, reduce environmental pollution; Third, reduce exports, can reduce trade friction, and maintain world trade order.
The issue of resources and energy is a global issue. In recent years, China's rapid growth in resources and energy consumption has aroused widespread concern in the world.
Judging from the macro level, solving the problem of excessively high energy consumption of the gross national product should start with adjusting China's industrial structure, curb the blind development of high-energy-consuming industries, and increase the proportion of service industries and high-tech industries in the national economy.
Energy conservation is the main content of China's energy policy. In China's total social energy consumption, industry accounts for 70%, of which steel, building materials, chemicals, petroleum processing, and non-ferrous metal industry energy consumption accounted for 69% of the national industrial energy consumption. In the context of accelerating the development of the heavy chemical industry and increasing the proportion of heavy chemical industries, the issue of industrial restructuring is of critical importance and has great potential.
The development guideline for China’s industry will continue to be the main traction for quadrupling the GNP by 2020. In 1995, China achieved a GDP quadrupling from 1980, with the largest contribution from industry. The average annual growth rate of industry in the 15 years reached 12.37%, and the average contribution rate to economic growth reached 37%. Industrial enterprises paid taxes and accounted for the financial Income 1/3. The proportion of industry in GDP reached 42.3%, and it further increased to 44% in 2006. The proportion is highest in all industries.
China’s total industrial economy ranks fourth in the world, and many industrial products such as steel, cement, and chemical fertilizers have been ranked first in the world for many years in terms of scale of production and production.
According to international standards, China’s current level of industrialization is not high, measured by the four indicators of per capita income level, tertiary industry employment structure, industrial internal structure, and urbanization level, especially regional economic development imbalance, agricultural productivity and social development. The level is still relatively backward, and China is still in the stage of rapid development of heavy chemical industry. At the same time, some industries have begun to transition to high degree of processing. From now until 2020, China will still be a period of rapid industrial development.
Chinese industry has developed rapidly since entering this century, but energy consumption has risen, and the elastic coefficient of energy consumption is higher than 1. Under the tide of economic globalization, high energy consumption, high pollution emissions, and low value-added products have been transferred from developed countries to China. Transfer is one of the reasons. For example, in China's export trade, the processing of incoming materials accounts for a significant proportion, among which there is the business of processing aluminum oxide into aluminum ingots. In 2006, China exported more than 9 million tons of steel billets. Although the country has not only cancelled export tax rebates since October 1, 2006, it has also imposed 10% of export tariffs, and there are still a considerable number of billet exports. At present, China's average export price of steel is only more than 600 US dollars, while the average price of imported steel exceeds 1,000 US dollars. The shipbuilding industry has also emerged that South Korea and Japan will ship the ship parts in China and send them back to China for assembly. In this year's China's export commodities, high energy-consuming products such as ferroalloys, metallic silicon, and coke account for a considerable amount of foreign investment in these fields. For countries such as China, where per capita energy resources are not abundant, starting from immediate interests and developing high energy-consuming industries at the expense of the environment and energy consumption are tantamount to exhausting and fishing, which is undesirable. The Chinese government proposes to implement the scientific development concept, take a new road to industrialization, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and vigorously advocate the development of circular economy.
In the past year, the National Development and Reform Commission took measures to adjust the industrial structure to curb excessive growth in investment in hot-spot industries, especially in high-energy-consuming industries.
Formulate planning and industrial policies. The State Council promulgated special plans for the shipbuilding, oil refining, and ethylene industries. The State Council approved the Development and Reform Commission for the issuance of special cement plans and industrial policies. The Development and Reform Commission formulated the PX and PTA industry development plans and guidance for the food, textile, pharmaceutical, and salt manufacturing industries. It is working on the development of guidance for copper, coal chemical, fuel ethanol, fertilizers, tires, rare earth, gold, paper, pharmaceuticals and other industries. In these plans and policies, it is reflected in improving industry access standards and eliminating outdated production capacity with high energy consumption.
Adjust the export policy. To curb the export of high-energy-consuming raw materials, the export tax rebates for products such as electrolytic aluminum, coke, ferro-alloys, and steel billets have been eliminated, and the export tax rebate rate for most steel products has been reduced from 17% to 8%, and most steels are still being studied. The export tax rebate rate of the product is reduced to zero.
Increase the elimination of backward production capacity. In recent years, with technological progress, the elimination of backward production capacity is accelerating, and the elimination of backward production capacity has made progress. China has completely eliminated open hearth steelmaking, self-baked tank electrolytic aluminum technology, the proportion of wet cement has dropped to 50%. The National Development and Reform Commission has signed a letter of responsibility with 50 million kilowatts of outdated small generator sets and oil-fired generator sets within four years in each province and city. In the year, it will strive to eliminate 10 million kilowatts of electricity, and negotiate with all provinces and cities to sign 30 million tons of small iron making, 3500 Ten thousand tons of small steelmaking capacity. In 2007, 3 million tons of straw pulp production capacity will be improved, transformed and transferred. Premier Wen Jiabao has announced in his government work report that we will strive to eliminate the production capacity of 100 million tons of small steel in the next five years. First, small blast furnaces below 300 cubic meters and small ones below 10 tons will be eliminated. It is also forbidden to build blast furnaces below 1,000 cubic meters and converters below 120 tons.
At the same time, we have already deployed and adopted a similar approach, signing the responsibility for the elimination of small cements with the provinces. China's annual production of 1.2 billion tons of cement has been ranked first in the world for more than ten years in a row, but half of it is still behind the wet shaft kiln cement. At the same time, as countries attach importance to environmental protection and energy, they stop producing cement at home, and they are increasingly importing from China. In China's paper industry, high-pollution straw pulping accounts for 70% of the total. In recent years, the proportion of wastepaper in papermaking has increased, but there is still 20% of high-water-supply, high-pollution, small straw pulp papermaking. Plans are being drawn up to increase the elimination.
China is a country with a population of 1.3 billion. The employment situation is very severe. The reason why so many small-scale production enterprises are related to solving employment and increasing local fiscal revenue and tax revenues. Eliminating outdated production capacity is a difficult and complicated task, but in order to complete the task of energy saving and emission reduction, we must overcome difficulties and firmly implement it.
Vigorously develop circular economy. A scholar from China once said that from the perspective of purchasing power parity, China’s GDP energy consumption per million yuan is not high compared with international comparisons. However, we generally do not agree with this view. It is an indisputable fact that the energy consumption per unit of our main products is higher than the international advanced level. For example, China's energy consumption per ton of steel is 15-20% higher than the international advanced level. But at the same time we see energy-saving business opportunities. Only a few of the existing steel plants in China have used blast furnace pressure differential power generation and coke oven gas power generation. Jinan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. tried to use blast furnace pressure difference and coke oven gas to generate electricity, and did not increase production. The newly constructed and rehabilitated steel plant proposed zero emissions, and the power needed was basically based on the waste heat generated by the company's exhaust gas. The water recycling rate reached 90%. If this technology is promoted in major steel mills throughout the country, the energy consumption per ton of steel will be greatly reduced. In the cement industry, most enterprises do not use kiln waste heat to generate electricity. If they are used for promotion, there is a huge potential for energy conservation.
Revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry. The revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry is an important part of adjusting the industrial structure. It can not only effectively reduce the consumption of resources and energy by economic development, but also provide advanced technical equipment support for the optimization and upgrading of the raw material industry. In June last year, the State Council held a working conference to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an and formally issued the “State Council’s Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Equipment Manufacturing Industryâ€, marking that the development of the Chinese equipment manufacturing industry has entered a new stage. From the situation in 2006, the investment and production of equipment manufacturing industry have maintained rapid growth. High value-added petrochemical general machinery, numerical control machine tools, electrical appliances and other equipment manufacturing key areas of strong development momentum, investment growth exceeds the raw material industry, industrial boilers, metal cutting machine tools, metal smelting equipment, locomotives, automobiles and AC motors and other major equipment The development momentum of the manufacturing industry is also very good. Substantial breakthroughs have been made in the development of some major technical equipment.
This year, the National Development and Reform Commission will continue to advance the adjustment of industrial structure and change the mode of growth with related departments. Work focus: First, continue to do a good job of macro-control, strict land, environmental assessment, and loan review of fixed asset investment projects. The content of energy conservation evaluation was increased when approving new projects. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity and urge it to withdraw from the market as soon as possible. The second is to revise and formulate new industrial standards and abolish backward industrial standards. Accelerate the promotion of Euro III and Euro IV standards for automobile emissions in big cities. The third is to continue to promote the localization of major technical equipment, especially to promote the localization of renewable energy equipment such as wind power generation. The fourth is to promote the merger and reorganization of large-scale iron and steel enterprises, cement companies and other manufacturing enterprises. The fifth is to accelerate the development of bio-energy and bio-chemical industries, steadily develop the coal chemical industry, and partially replace petrochemical products and fuels. Sixth, vigorously promote industrial energy conservation and emission reduction.
Investment in China's Industry and Trade Policy Industrial Investment Policy. The main policy framework of the Chinese government for foreign investment management includes the “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industriesâ€, development plans, and industrial policies. It is necessary to draw attention that the policy orientation is to limit the blind expansion of the productive capacity of high-energy-consuming industries and shift the focus of development to optimizing the structure, technological progress, and saving energy and reducing consumption. Therefore, industrial policies have set new requirements for investment management in these industries. For example, the "Iron and Steel Industry Development Policy" stipulates: "The construction of iron and steel, steel, rolling and other projects, the company's own capital ratio must reach 40% and above," raising the proportion of capital requirements. “Foreign steel companies investing in China’s steel industry must have proprietary technology for iron and steel, among which ordinary steel production must reach over 10 million tons last year or high-alloy special steel production should reach 1 million tons. Foreign companies investing in domestic steel companies must combine domestic There is no new point in the implementation of the transformation and relocation of existing iron and steel companies.†The industrial policy treats Chinese companies and foreign investors equally.
The overseas investment of Chinese enterprises is still at the initial stage. The scale of investment is small and the level is not high. The Chinese government supports enterprises to go abroad and participate more in international cooperation. The main responsibility of the government is to strengthen the guidance and require companies to abide by the laws and regulations and policies of the host country, respect the cultural traditions and living habits of the host country, and establish and improve the financial and insurance policies. , Entry and exit management, and other convenient conditions to guide the healthy and orderly development of overseas investment.
Trade policy. In recent years, the Chinese government has made some adjustments to the trade policies of some energy-intensive and resource-intensive products. Iron ore, pig iron, scrap steel, billets, ingots, rare earth ore, phosphate ore, alumina, ferroalloy ore, copper concentrates, etc. are listed in the Catalogue of Prohibited Categories of Processing Trade; canceling unwrought aluminum, ferroalloys, billets, ingots, The export tax rebates for rare earth metals and salts, molybdenum concentrates and other products, as well as a reduction in the export tax rebate rate for some products, the export tax rebate rate for most steel products will be reduced from 11% and 8% to 5% and zero, respectively. The export tax rebate rate for products was reduced from 11% to 8%.
China's policy on export of resource-based products has been adjusted based on the following considerations: First, China as a developing country must avoid problems such as high resource consumption and serious environmental pollution that occur in the process of industrialization in developed countries, and must not allow high energy consumption. The disorderly development of the industry; the second is to adjust the export structure, and then guide the production enterprises in technological progress, improve the level of resource development and utilization, reduce environmental pollution; Third, reduce exports, can reduce trade friction, and maintain world trade order.
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