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Internal and external troubles
From the external situation of the shipbuilding industry, the competitive environment facing the shipbuilding industry is even more severe. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the double surplus of shipping capacity and shipbuilding capacity was the biggest obstacle to the new shipbuilding market. Experts predict that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the average annual shipbuilding demand will be around 80 million tons, less than half of the annual average volume during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, even if the world's new ship demand will reach an annual average of 100 million in the next five years. The scale is about the weight of the deadweight, but compared with the current global capacity of nearly 200 million deadweight tons, there is still a big gap, and the situation of oversupply will last for a long time. Insufficient effective market demand will inevitably exacerbate industrial competition. Comprehensive competition among the world's major shipbuilding countries will become an important feature of the world shipbuilding pattern in the future.
In addition, the pace of technological innovation in the field of ships will be further accelerated, especially the development requirements of safety, energy conservation, environmental protection and information technology are more urgent. The green economy and low-carbon economy will lead the trend of world economy and technology development. New international routes and waterway changes will breed new innovation needs. Safety, energy conservation, environmental protection and information technology will accelerate the research and application in the field of ships. The new international maritime convention The introduction of new standards and new specifications will have a profound impact on the design, construction and operation of ships. At the same time, the scientific and technological contest under the profound changes in the world shipbuilding pattern has become more prominent, and the advanced shipbuilding countries will focus on the increasingly high-level competition for science and technology in the post-crisis era. The world's major shipbuilding countries have taken green technology and information technology as strategic priorities and consolidated and maintained their competitive advantages by improving technical barriers. It is understood that some countries have launched a new round of ship type optimization work centered on "low carbon ships", and plans to achieve a 30% reduction in ship emissions on the current basis through four to five years; The strategic plan proposes to launch a new generation of “green smart ships†that combines with IT technology and adopts electric power propulsion before 2015.
From the internal situation of the shipbuilding industry, the comprehensive scientific and technological strength and independent innovation capability of China's shipbuilding industry still have a large gap with advanced countries. The main performances are: the core technology of high-tech ships and offshore engineering equipment depends on foreign, high-end product design, There are still many blank spots in the construction; the three major ship types lack brand competitiveness, and the market's rapid response capability needs to be improved. At present, 70% of China's handheld orders are bulk carriers. In the past few years, bulk carriers have been leading the development of the new shipbuilding market, and have also promoted the international market share of China's shipbuilding industry. However, since the beginning of this year, the ship market demand structure has undergone significant changes, leading high-tech ships and offshore equipment. The entire market has made China's shipping companies lag behind South Korea in receiving orders, especially in terms of the value of orders. The Korean shipbuilding industry has a dominant position in markets such as ultra-large container ships, drilling ships, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships.
In addition, China's marine equipment independent research and development and system integration capabilities are insufficient, do not grasp the core technology has a significant inhibitory effect on the development of supporting industries, but also make China's localized marine equipment shipment rate is still only 50%, with Japan and South Korea 80% ~ More than 90% of the localization rate is quite different; the research and application level of safety, energy saving, environmental protection technology, information technology and fine management technology are not high, and the research and formulation of technical standards are relatively lagging, which restricts the efficiency of shipbuilding in China. Improvement and reduction in production costs.
Technological innovation
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's shipbuilding industry faces severe challenges and faces historical opportunities to achieve leapfrogging and catching up at a higher starting point. "Going against the water, if you don't advance, you will retreat." At present, China's shipbuilding industry is still in the growth stage, and the comprehensive comparative advantages of labor, technology, capital and market are still outstanding. China's shipping enterprises should make full use of various favorable conditions and actively create new advantages in industrial development and international competition.
At present, the impact of market decline on the economic benefits of the whole industry has begun to appear, and the unfavorable factors affecting economic benefits are gathering: the price of new ships has fallen sharply and has fallen back to the price level in 2004; shipbuilding costs are entering an upward channel, labor costs, raw materials Prices have generally shown an upward trend; since the beginning of the year, the renminbi has appreciated by 2.3 percentage points against the US dollar. Therefore, under the influence of rising prices of production factors and increased volatility of the RMB exchange rate, the development mode of over-reliance on the input of production factors will be difficult to sustain and must follow the path of innovation-driven development. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, whether it can make new breakthroughs in energy conservation and environmental protection, whether it can respond to changes in international new rules and regulations in a timely and proactive manner will become the key to whether the shipbuilding industry can seize the future market. China's shipbuilding industry must take the promotion of transformation and upgrading as the central task, take technological progress and innovation as an important support for transformation and upgrading, and strive to create a new situation in which technological innovation leads the industry.
So how can we achieve this change? First, we must rely on technological innovation to create brand advantages. China's shipbuilding enterprises should focus on the development trend of the world's shipbuilding technology and ship market, combined with the requirements of new international maritime norms and new standards, with the main objectives of advanced technology, cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, and strengthen new areas of safety, energy saving, high efficiency and environmental protection. Research and application of technology, speeding up mainstream ship types, high-tech ships with good foundations, mobile drilling technology, floating production/storage equipment, offshore engineering workboats and auxiliary ships, etc. Upgraded diesel engine, deck machinery and other supporting equipment, relying on technological advancement to improve product performance and quality, and further enhance the comprehensive technical level and international competitiveness of the main products.
The second is to rely on technological innovation to expand the core high-end areas. We should aim at the high-end of the industrial value chain, increase innovation, master the core key technologies of high-tech and high-value-added products, and improve the design, construction capabilities and system integration capabilities of high-end products such as ultra-large container ships and deep-water drilling ships. The dependence of foreign technology to expand the space for industrial development. Focus on selecting a number of major innovation projects that are highly motivated and have a global impact on enhancing industrial competitiveness. Combine product development, key technology research, supporting equipment and key component development, prototype development or engineering demonstration applications to improve integration. Creativity.
The third is to rely on technological innovation to seize the commanding heights of the future competition. On the basis of further strengthening basic common technology research, accelerating research and development platforms and building innovation capacity, aiming at the frontier of science and technology, enhancing technology reserves, and vigorously cultivating original innovation capabilities, we will launch new types of power vessels, low-emission ships, and forward-looking conceptual ships. The research and development work, seize the technological commanding heights of future international competition, continuously improve the voice of the ship in the development of science and technology, and promote the transformation of China's followers of technological development to the leader.
Fourth, we must rely on scientific and technological innovation to fully support industrial transformation. It is necessary to further enhance the contribution of technological innovation to industrial development, with the main goal of improving efficiency and efficiency, reducing consumption and emissions, accelerating the integration of “two transformationsâ€, promoting the mutual transformation of military and civilian technologies, and breaking through green design, manufacturing technology and lean shipbuilding. And other key technologies, build an efficient and energy-saving manufacturing system, and promote the transformation of the industry to intensive development.
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