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The rapid construction of the expressway has promoted the rapid development of the freight transport economy, but the truck traffic accident on the highway is also startling. The reason is mainly due to speeding, overloading, improper driver operation, etc., as shown below. It can be seen that the factors that cause traffic accidents in trucks are manifold and need to be considered comprehensively.
Speed: Do not speed and speed is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. Speeding will cause the driver's visual acuity to drop, the line of sight to become shorter, the field of vision to be narrower, and the speed and distance to determine the illusion will be apt to occur, the perception ability will decline, and the amount of road information received will also decrease, resulting in a traffic accident.
However, early studies have shown that the number of accidents and speed is not a simple linear relationship. In 1994, Solomon found through observation and analysis that the speed and number of accidents showed a "U" shaped curve. The accident rate is low when the speed is close to the average speed. With the increase of the difference between the speed and the average speed, the number of accidents tends to increase whether it is greater than the average speed or less than the average speed. Recent studies have also shown that the relationship between the number of accidents and the vehicle speed is not large, but mainly related to the dispersion of speed. Due to the large dispersion of speeds, frequent vehicle overtaking and overtaking are prone to accidents.
According to observations, frequent overtaking caused by excessive speed difference is the main cause of vehicle accidents in trucks and other models. Different brands and models of trucks have their own maximum allowable vehicle speed, which is one of the important indicators of vehicle performance. The actual speed depends on road conditions and traffic flow conditions. With the continuous advancement of vehicle manufacturing technology and the improvement of highway grades, the maximum speed of trucks has also been continuously improved. Currently, the allowable speed of trucks is generally about 75 to 100km/h, and the design speed of expressways is 120km/h and 100km/h. There is a big difference from 80km/h. Due to the vehicle's own vehicle performance characteristics, the difference in the actual operation speed between the truck and other models is increasing with the increase of the vehicle speed during the driving process. The road capacity and the transportation efficiency are seriously affected, and the increase of the speed increases. The difficulty of truck manipulation makes it more likely to cause traffic accidents. Therefore, what should be paid attention to in reducing accidents is not to reduce the speed but to reduce the speed difference.
Overload: Do not exceed the ideal road conditions, trucks have a strong ability to climb. However, over 90% of trucks currently have overload problems. Overloading is one of the causes of major traffic accidents. The hazards are as follows:
1. Overweight causes the vehicle to have a longer braking distance and lower braking performance; the sliding adhesion coefficient decreases, the maximum braking deceleration decreases, the braking distance increases during the braking duration, and the brake activation time increases. Tests have shown that for a vehicle with a load of over 3t, the total braking weight increases by 1 to 1 to increase the emergency braking distance by 0.5 to 1.0 m.
2. Overweight increases the centrifugal force of the car, increases the height of the center of gravity, and increases the roll moment of the car, which reduces the lateral stability of the car and makes the car prone to tipping over. At the same time, the working efficiency of the steering system will be greatly reduced under overload conditions, and the increase in the weight of the rear axle of the vehicle may also cause the steering characteristics of the vehicle to change from under-steering to over-steering, thus changing the steering stability of the car.
3. The damage caused by overloaded transport vehicles on the road surface is a repetitive fatigue effect of axle load on the road surface. According to estimates by experts, the increase in the axle load of the vehicle has increased the destructive power of the highway with the increase of the axle load from 4th to 5th power. With the increase in the destruction of the road surface, the actual funds for conservation are limited, and damaged roads cannot be repaired in time, and the possibility of traffic accidents will increase.
Poor driver traffic psychology: The civilized driver is the main subject of traffic behavior and it is one of the most important factors in the cause of traffic accidents. The driver's business level, driving experience, safety awareness, drink driving and age distribution are closely related to the occurrence of traffic accidents [5]. Therefore, the driver's traffic psychology has a great influence on safe driving, and its bad traffic Psychology is one of the main causes of accidents.
Truck drivers' illegal behavior Heavy trucks usually do not follow the rules of freeway traffic management, occupying overtaking lanes for a long period of time, causing difficulties for overtaking high-speed vehicles. In order to surpass the slow vehicles in front, the car must follow the car on the one hand, on the other hand, the long-term low-speed driving affects the driver's psychology, causing the rear vehicle driver to venture overtaking in a short range, and sometimes forced to overtake from the carriageway. In the meantime, once the truck is changing lanes ahead, accidents can easily occur.
Truck Drivers' Offensive Driving Behavior In general, drivers have a tendency to be self-centred, have the potential desire to reach the destination as quickly as possible during driving, and their essence is exclusive. When its behavior is disturbed or blocked, it creates annoying emotions and causes accidents such as speeding and unreasonable overtaking. The driver of a truck is typically a young, green man, who is more likely to show anger and offensive driving behavior when blocked by other vehicles. The advantages of trucks in terms of weight and size also lead truck drivers to psychologically produce a sense of superiority, prompting them to show offensive driving.
Truck driver's risk-taking motivation Strong truck driver's risk-taking motivation is mainly manifested in: In order to save time and improve efficiency, the driver will take risky behaviors of overloading and speeding; in order to obtain self-esteem, he will appear as a hegemon on the road; long-term Driving in a special environment, subjective risk awareness is greatly reduced. Trucks travel more at night and some risk-taking behavior will not be discovered by traffic managers. From the perspective of transport psychology theoretical analysis, if the driver repeatedly takes risky behavior, there is no traffic accident and no punishment, the next time the driver's subjective risk rate will be lower.
The unbalanced expectations of truck drivers The general expectations of drivers for roads are mainly manifested in the linear shape of roads, the display of traffic information, and the ownership of road rights. When the road design is inconsistent with the expectations of the driver and information is not provided in a timely manner, this can result in driving errors and long reaction times, and even lead to traffic accidents. Truck drivers generally travel a long distance, the road environment they face is complex, and many routes are for the first time. As a result, the psychological imbalance is often caused on the way, causing a great psychological burden. Allowing drivers to drive for a long time in guessing and nervousness is also easy to make them fatigue, poor judgment, and unresponsiveness, all of which lay a hidden danger for the traffic accidents that they caused while driving.
Insufficient vertical spacing Note: Safe driving on highways is a problem that is caused by high vehicle speed due to high speed and lack of vertical spacing. According to investigations, there are often phenomena that the distance between trucks is within 50m during driving. In this case, when the front vehicle suddenly brakes, the rear vehicle will have a rear-end collision due to insufficient longitudinal spacing.
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