![<?echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];?>](/template/twentyseventeen/skin/images/header.jpg)
In urban construction, it is inseparable from bulldozers, road rollers, excavators; in agricultural production, tractors, combine harvesters, pond excavators... these non-road vehicles and machinery, although not in quantity with the numerous roads Compared with motor vehicles, the emission of pollutants cannot be ignored. A set of data on NOx emissions from various mobile sources in the United States shows that road light vehicles account for 49%, road heavy-duty diesel vehicles account for 22%; non-road diesel engines account for 16%, non-road gasoline engines account for 1.0%, and trains account for 8.7. %, ships accounted for 1.9%, and aircraft accounted for 1.4%.
It is gratifying that China’s first national standard for non-road mechanical pollutant discharge will be introduced soon. The reporter learned from the "Non-Road Emissions Regulations Seminar" held recently that the emission limit and measurement method for diesel engine exhaust pollutants for non-road mobile machinery began to be consulted in April 2005 (China Phase I and II) It is possible that it will be officially promulgated this year.
The current status of the industry is not optimistic. The definition of non-road vehicles and mechanical engines is very broad. In China, such engines are distributed in many industries. Among them are: garden machinery (mainly small gasoline engines); agricultural transport vehicles, tractors (single cylinder diesel engines and multi-cylinder small diesel engines); construction machinery (mainly large diesel engines and gasoline engines).
According to experts from the Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute, at present, the emission levels of non-road vehicles and machinery in China have yet to be improved. For example, a single-cylinder diesel engine that accounts for more than 75% of the world's similar products and accounts for 80% of the total diesel engine products in China is a mechanical product with low technical content, developed supporting system and easy assembly. For example, the existing three-wheel and small-tonnage four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles and 20~40 horsepower wheeled tractors are equipped with horizontal single-cylinder diesel engines, which have serious low reliability, severely exceeded emissions, high fuel consumption and economical support. Poor and other ills, there is an urgent need to have new products that meet environmental and power technology requirements. Therefore, relevant experts recommend speeding up the development of a new generation of models that are more adaptable to energy saving, material saving and high reliability. Improve the reliability of existing products, reduce noise and smoke, and promote direct injection, light weight and multi-cylinder.
According to reports, "Exhaust pollutant emission limits and measurement methods for non-road mobile machinery diesel engines" (stages I and II) are mainly applicable to diesel engines with rated net power not exceeding 560 kW for non-road mobile machinery installations, including non-constant speeds. Industrial drilling equipment, engineering machinery, agricultural machinery, forestry machinery, material handling machinery, forklifts, snow plow equipment, airport ground handling equipment; and air compressors, generator sets, fishing machinery, pumps, etc. at constant speed.
The implementation time of Phase I and II of this standard will be differentiated according to the power of the engine. According to reports, Phase I 0 < Pmax < 18 may be implemented this year, 18 ≤ Pmax was implemented in 2008; Phase II 0 < Pmax < 18 may be implemented in 2010, 0 < Pmax ≤ 560 was implemented in 2009.
In line with international standards in the field of automotive emission standards, there are two major systems in Europe and the United States. However, in terms of non-road engine emission control, it is rare to be consistent internationally. The United States was the first, and the EU and Japan followed closely, forming the current trend.
In 1994, the US Environmental Protection Agency released the first emission standard Tier1 for non-road diesel engines over 37 kW in addition to locomotives, ships and underground mining equipment. Between 1996 and 2000, the Tier1 standard, which was implemented in stages according to engine specifications, reduced emissions of NOx and particulate matter by 31% and 60%, respectively, before the emission standards were not adopted. After Tier2, the Tier3, NOx and particulate matter emissions of the 37-560kW engine, which were implemented in phases from 2006 to 2008, were reduced by 60% and 40%, respectively, compared with Tier1. Tier4A and Tier4B, which are expected to be implemented in 2011-2014, have reduced emissions of NOx and particulate matter by 96% compared to the previous emission standards.
The EU's first non-road mobile machinery emission control standard [Directive 97/68/EC] was released on February 27, 1998, and its first stage was implemented in 1999. The second stage was based on the power of the engine. Year-by-year implementation. The current phase III is implemented in two steps: the first step (stage IIIA) includes only gaseous emissions, from December 31, 2005 to December 31, 2007, compared to the second stage limit, NOx emissions Reduced by 30%; the second step (Phase IIIB) covers particulate matter emissions, which will be implemented between December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011. Compared with Phase II, particulate matter emissions are reduced by approximately 90%. The engine will be fully equipped with a particulate filter. Phase IV will begin to be implemented in 2014, and the standard is equivalent to Tier4 in the United States.
The earliest emission standard for non-road engine emission control in China is the two Beijing local standards “DB11/184-2003 Non-road diesel engine exhaust visible pollutant limits and measurement methods†and “DB11/†issued on April 1, 2003. 18-2003 Non-road diesel engine exhaust pollutant limits and methods of measurement. The standard is equivalent to the European I and II emission limits, which were implemented in January 2003 and January 2005, respectively.
China's forthcoming implementation of the "non-road mobile machinery diesel engine exhaust pollutant emission limits and measurement methods" (I, II stage) also refer to the EU standards. On the basis of the EU [Directive 97/68/EC], the requirements for agricultural and fishery machinery have been increased; in the first phase, emission control for diesel engines of less than 37 kW has been added, and in the second phase, emissions of diesel engines of less than 18 kW have been added. Control, etc. According to reports, the formulation and implementation of this standard will promote the development of China's non-road mobile machinery diesel engine technology level, eliminate outdated products, reduce single-machine emissions, and improve the competitiveness and sustainable development of enterprises, and have a normative development for enterprises. Guiding significance. At the same time, improve China's emission standards system, provide technical basis for the national standardization, scientific management and control of diesel engines for non-road mobile machinery, gradually realize the integration with the international standard system, and promote international exchanges and cooperation.
Experts say that coordinated action on non-road engine emissions should be a sign of global economic integration and the maturity of countries around the world. If the relevant laws and regulations of various countries are not coordinated, then the production enterprises will inevitably diversify their investment in the development of emission technologies, resulting in the slowdown of the introduction of low-emission products. In fact, from the perspective of global air quality, this is not a good phenomenon. In terms of production, many companies are already multinational companies and provide products to the world. Coordination of emission standards will help to mass produce a single product, which will obviously reduce costs. In addition, experts also said that from the non-road engine regulation system, China should prepare non-road spark-ignition engine emission standards, non-road large-scale compression-ignition engine emission standards, and inland ship engines, railway locomotives, and aviation engine emissions as soon as possible. standard. And carry out domestic and foreign non-road mobile machinery air pollution control laws and regulations research.
Type approval is about to be carried out. The development of this standard has collected a large amount of experimental data. The limits of the first and second phases are close to the current domestic level. According to the data of the first stage limit of the prototype, the pass rate of the low-power engine (mainly used for agricultural machinery) is higher, such as the pass rate of 98.5% for 0<Pmax<8, and the pass rate of 8≤Pmax<18. The yield of 79.6% and 18 ≤ Pmax < 37 was 80%. While the qualification rate of 37 ≤ Pmax ≤ 560 high-power engines (mainly used for construction machinery) is only 50 ¥, these engines are produced by vehicle engine companies, so road vehicle emission control technology can be transplanted to non-road machinery. Above, the emission control level is easier to upgrade.
In order to reach the level I limit, experts recommend that companies upgrade technical measures such as optimizing combustion chamber and air passage design, using P-type injectors. For engines of different powers, such as 18 ≤ Pmax ≤ 560, supercharged or supercharged intercooling technology should be used; and for engines with 0 < Pmax ≤ 18, the applicable single-cylinder model should be redesigned and developed.
The relevant person in charge of the Motor Vehicle Sewage Discharge Monitoring Center of the State Environmental Protection Administration introduced that after the officially promulgated the “Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Diesel Engine Exhaust Pollutants for Non-Road Mobile Machinery†(I and II), the enterprise may be before the implementation date specified by the standard. Apply and approve the type approval in accordance with the corresponding requirements of the standard. For non-road mobile machinery diesel engines approved according to the standard approval type, the production consistency check shall be carried out from the date of approval. All diesel fuel emissions from non-road mobile machinery manufactured and sold must meet the standard requirements from one year after the date of implementation of the type approval.
Pre solder Brass Fittings's solder ring is as smooth as yorkshire and it is real no lead according to Rohs,pre solder brass fittings,solder ring brass fittings,pegler solder ring brass fittings,connex solder ring brass fittings,SR brass fittings,solder ring brass pipe fittings
presolder brass fittings,solder ring brass fittings,pegler solder ring brass fittings,connex solder ring brass fittings,SR brass fittings,solder ring brass pipe fittings
Taizhou Runde Company , https://www.zjcopperfittings.com