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In recent years, in addition to the common nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers, trace mineral fertilizers, and compound fertilizers in China's fertilizer market, there are many new types of fertilizers, such as special compound fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. , Biological fertilizers, slow-release fertilizers, etc. Experts from the Sinochem Agricultural University Research Center gave you a brief introduction on how to use the “new fertilizer†rationally.
Q: What are the benefits of these "new fertilizers"? How to use it reasonably?
Experts: These so-called “new types of fertilizers†are secondary or supplementary fertilizers made by fertilizer companies on the basis of conventional organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers through physical, chemical and biological methods. As it has a certain amount of fertilizer effect or can help the fertilizer effect to play, and meets the relevant fertilizer company (or industry) standards, it is sold as a commodity fertilizer. Specific effects vary depending on the type of fertilizer.
Q: What is a special compound fertilizer? How to use it reasonably?
Experts: Special compound fertilizers are fertilizers with a specific N, P, and K ratio based on crop nutrient characteristics and soil test results, and are more targeted than general compound fertilizers. To be reasonably selected, we must first understand the characteristics of crop fertilization. Take field crops as an example, the nitrogen requirement (N) of crops is roughly twice as much as that of P2O5, and the amount of potassium needed (k2O) is often more than nitrogen. In terms of fertilization technology, the total phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and about half of the nitrogen fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers, and the remaining half of nitrogen fertilizers are used as top dressings. In other words, the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus in basal fertilizer is approximately equal in most cases. Potassium varies by region, with the South higher than the North. The special compound fertilizers for field crops are mainly used as basal fertilizers. Therefore, special compound fertilizers with an equal or similar ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, or about 30 kg per mu, should generally be selected. It also depends on crop and soil characteristics. Legume crops can fix nitrogen, winter wheat, rape and other wintering crops need more phosphorus, and special nitrogen compound fertilizers can be used. Thin and leafy crops can use high-nitrogen phosphate special compound fertilizer.
Q: There are a lot of special compound fertilizers. The proportion of nitrogen is very high. It is almost twice as much as phosphorus and even more. What's going on?
Experts: This is because the specific compound fertilizer and fertilizer distribution ratio of the fertilizer manufacturer is designed according to the total amount of fertilizer required by the crop. This special compound fertilizer is only suitable for one-time fertilization for field crops. If basal fertilizers are used, if nitrogen fertilizers are applied topically, nitrogen will be excessive. If nitrogen fertilizers are not chased afterwards, production may be reduced due to denitrification.
Q: How should fruit trees and vegetables use special compound fertilizers?
Experts: Fruit trees and vegetables are different from field crops. Both basic fertilizers and top dressings require appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium. However, the proportion of nutrients in different growth stages differs. Take fruit trees as an example, the proportion of N, P, and K should be similar in autumn basal fertilization; the high N and P types should be used in spring buds or before flowering; the ratio of NPK should be used in long fruit period. Near or high nitrogen and potassium type. Generally, each application of compound fertilizer 1~2 kg. A number of fruit and vegetable-specific compound fertilizers contain, in addition to N, P and K, appropriate amounts of medium and trace elements or other substances that can activate nutrients, which are more favorable for crop growth.
Q: What is organic-inorganic compound fertilizer? 100 kg of this fertilizer is equivalent to how many kilograms of cake fat?
Expert: Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer that contains both organic matter and suitable quantified fertilizer. It is a kind of manure, peat and other organic materials, through the microbial fermentation of harmless and effective treatment, and add the appropriate amount of fertilizer, humic acid, amino acids or beneficial microorganisms, after granulation or directly blended and prepared commercial fertilizer . The country has specific requirements for the quality of the fertilizer, such as the 2002 national standards, the organic matter content of not less than 20%, total N, P, and K nutrients not less than 15%. Generally 100 to 150 kilograms of Mushi can be used as basal fertilizers, as well as topdressing and seed fertilizers. Due to the complex composition of fertilizers, there are many aspects of the effect that can not be directly compared with the effect of cake fertilizer. However, single nutrient conversion can be performed. For example, based on organic matter content, 100 kg organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is equal to approximately 20 (100 kg organic-inorganic compound fertilizer organic matter content) 80% (average content of air-dried cake fertilizer organic matter) = 25 kg (cake fertilizer). This example shows that organic-inorganic compound fertilizers have many advantages, but due to the small amount of application, they cannot replace a large number of farmyard fertilizers in terms of soil improvement.
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