Domestic and foreign copper beneficiation indicators

The copper ore dressing indicators at home and abroad are shown in Table 1 below:
Table 1 Domestic and foreign copper beneficiation indicators
sequence
number
Mineral processing plant name
scale
t/d
Deposit type and mineral composition
Process flow introduction
product name
Mineral processing index, %
Remarks
γ
α
β
θ
ε
1
Dexing Copper Mine Concentrator
Design: 15000 (Phase I)
15000 (Phase II)
60000 (Phase I)
Production: 15000 (Phase I)
Porphyry copper deposit. The main minerals are chalcopyrite and molybdenite . Gangue of quartz, j sericite, etc.
Three sections and one closed road crushing process and "ABC" crushing process. A section of grinding and mixing flotation, coarse concentrate re-grinding, copper and sulfur separation. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Sulfur concentrate
1.969
0.559
1.84
24.13
34.36
0.086
85.01
1985 indicator
2
Copper mine concentrator
Design: 10000
Production: 2000
Porphyry copper deposit. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, with minor bornite, chalcocite, pyrite. Non-metallic minerals are mainly quartz, sericite and feldspar
Three sections and one closed road crushing process (suspended production of self-grinding system). A section of grinding, a single floating copper. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
1.72
0.51
24.2
0.095
81.6
3
Xiaomu Ben Concentrator
Design: 4400
Production: 3846
Layered copper deposit. The main minerals are chalcopyrite, followed by porphyrite and malachite. The gangue mineral is dominated by dolomite
Three-stage open road crushing process. The two-stage grinding and cyclone constitutes a closed circuit with a single floating copper. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
2.74
2.84
0.885
0.932
29.10
29.50
0.089
0.098
90.19
89.75
1985 indicator
1986 indicator
4
Yinmin Concentrator
Design: 3600
Production: 1774
Layered copper deposit. The main metal minerals are porphyrite, chalcopyrite and malachite. Oxidation rate of 30% to 40%
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process. Stage grinding, concentrated flotation, and finally grinding fineness of -0.074mm90%. Two paragraphs of loss
Copper concentrate
2.26
0.64
24.5
0.088
86.5
5
Tongshan Concentrator
Design: 4000
Production: 1200
Skarn copper deposit. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, porphyrite, followed by magnetite and pyrite. The gangue is garnet , calcite, etc.
Three sections of open road crushing and washing process. A section of grinding, sediment sorting, preferential flotation in order to obtain copper concentrate, sulfur concentrate, sulfur-selected tailings by magnetic separation of iron concentrate. Dehydration of copper and sulfur concentrates in two stages, dehydration of iron concentrate sedimentation tank
Copper concentrate
Block mine:
Mud mine:
Sulfur concentrate
Iron concentrate
4.68
10.41
11.43
6.60
0.904
0.776
8.98
20.64
16.97
5.46
35.43
64.1
0.116
0.231
3.75
14.39
88.0
73.28
45.0
20.5
6
Phoenix Mountain Concentrator
Design: 3000
Production: 1666
Skarn copper deposit. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, and magnetite. The gangue is garnet, sericite, etc.
Three-stage open road crushing process. The rod mill and the gravel mill plus the cyclone constitute a closed circuit, mixed flotation, mixing and re-grinding, separation of copper and sulfur, and mixing of tails to select iron. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
5.7
1.27
20.7
0.091
92.9
7
White Silver concentrator plant
Design: 10000
Production: 4000
Copper-bearing pyrite deposit. The main metal minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite, chlorite, etc.
Three-stage open road crushing process. Two-stage grinding, in which two pieces of copper-sulfur ore and disseminated copper-sulfur ore are floated to obtain copper concentrate and coarse tail sulfur. Copper zinc pyrite rougher concentrate regrinding will then have to float the copper concentrate, a zinc rougher tailings separated sulfur. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Sulfur concentrate
Zinc concentrate
8.109
17.43
0.889
1.916
8.52
0.573
22.438
42.175
41.288
0.105
1.41
0.208
94.961
86.31
64.04
Fluctuation in sulfur index
8
Hongtoushan Concentrator
1800
Medium temperature hydrothermal vein-like copper pyrite type. The metal minerals are mainly pyrite, followed by sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The gangue is silicate mineral such as quartz, plagioclase, and biotite.
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process. After a period of grinding, copper and sulfur are mixed and mixed, copper and sulfur are separated, and mixed tail is selected. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
5.7
1.27
20.7
0.091
92.9
9
[United States] Pima (Pima) Concentrator
56000
Porphyry copper deposit. The main minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, and a small amount of molybdenite. The gangue is quartz, feldspar, etc.
Three sections and one closed road crushing process. Rod mill plus ball mill plus cyclone to form a closed circuit, mixed flotation tailing, coarse concentrate regrind, copper and molybdenum separation
Copper concentrate
Molybdenum concentrate
1.73
0.025
0.56
0.017
27.3
42.16
0.088
0.0063
84.44
62.9
Molybdenum concentrate recovery rate
10
[Chi] Chuguica-mata concentrator
96000
Porphyry copper deposit. The main metal minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and pyrite, followed by chalcopyrite, copper blue, sulfur arsenic copper ore, chlorite, bauxite, molybdenite, etc.
Three-stage open road crushing process. The rod mill plus the ball mill and the cyclone constitute a closed circuit, and the coarse concentrate is reground to obtain a copper-molybdenum concentrate, and the copper and molybdenum are separated. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Molybdenum concentrate
2.1
0.05
40~42
53～55
90～92
65.0
11
[Plus] Highmont Concentrator
22675
(25000st/d)
Porphyry copper deposit. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, porphyrite and molybdenite.
Adopt "ABC" self-grinding process. The mixed flotation concentrate is used for copper-molybdenum separation, and the molybdenum concentrate is leached to obtain the final product. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Molybdenum concentrate
0.77
4.11
0.27
0.029
21.5
55
0.026
0.0067
90.4
78.0
12
[Australia] Bougainville concentrator
10400
Porphyry copper deposit. The main copper minerals are chalcopyrite, followed by porphyrite, malachite, and cuprite. Other metal minerals are pyrite, magnetite and molybdenite. Gold and silver are found in chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals are quartz, biotite, etc.
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process. Raw ore coarse grinding to -0.074mm50% for rough selection, coarse concentrate after grinding to -0.043mm85% and then select
Copper concentrate
1.52
0.512
28.7
0.07
86.07
13
[Zambia] Mufu Lira Concentrator
2200
Layered copper deposit. The main minerals are chalcopyrite, porphyrite, chalcopyrite
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process (coarse crushing under the pit). A section of grinding, a single floating copper, sweeping and grinding back to the original flotation. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
2.15~3.13
47.12
91.68
14
[苏]zhezkaz dry concentrator
Layered copper deposit. Main mineral bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, galena followed, sphalerite and gangue quartz, feldspar
The No. 1 plant is a three-stage closed-circuit crushing process with two sections of grinding. The No. 2 plant is a two-stage open crushing process with three sections of grinding. The sediments are selected by flotation to obtain coarse concentrates, followed by copper, lead and medium ore. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Lead concentrate
39~40
48~50
90～93
65~70
15
[Romania] Moldova concentrator
5500
Skarn copper deposit. The main minerals are copper-bearing pyrite and magnetite. The gangue has quartz, epidote, and actinolite
Two sections of open road crushing process. One section of grinding, mixed flotation, separation of copper and sulfur, and iron in mixed tailings. Two-stage dewatering of copper concentrate, direct filtration and transportation of sulfur and iron concentrate
Copper concentrate
Sulfur concentrate
Iron concentrate
3.19
17.83
17.31
0.6
10.0
15.0
16.0
46.0
52.0
0.028
2.19
4.84
85.0
82.0
60.0
16
[Day] Eight Stem Concentrator
2000
Skarn copper deposit. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. The gangue is mainly composed of calcite and calcium iron garnet.
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process. A section of grinding, direct floating copper, re-grinding in the mine, re-grinding iron in the tailings, and removing copper. Two-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Iron concentrate
2.74
6.28
0.7
4.56
23.24
63.85
0.065
0.58
91.0
88.0
17
[Su] Bashkir Concentrator
Copper-bearing pyrite deposit. The main metal minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. The gangue is mainly quartz, chlorite, sericite
Three-stage closed-circuit crushing process. Two-stage grinding, preferential flotation of copper, zinc, zinc coarse concentrate and then grinding off copper, tailings for sulfur concentrate. Three-stage dehydration
Copper concentrate
Zinc concentrate
Sulfur concentrate
1.22
2.27
39.2
19~20
51～52
45~46
8384
71～74
74～75
18
[Yugoslav] Bor (Bor) Concentrator
14000
Copper-bearing pyrite deposit. The main metal minerals are pyrite, copper blue, sulfur arsenic copper ore and chalcopyrite. The gangue is mainly quartz
19
[Zaire] Mososhi concentrator
5000
Copper-bearing sandstone type deposit. The main metal minerals are porphyrite, chalcopyrite and malachite. The gangue is mainly quartz, feldspar, biotite, and muscovite.
Three-stage open road crushing process. Rod mill plus ball mill plus cyclone to form a closed circuit, single float copper, sweeping and finishing tail refining flotation process
Copper concentrate
2.11~3.6
36.0
87.0

The function of the Universal Shaft Assembly is to convert planetary motion into fixed constant rotation of the drive shaft, to transmit torque and speed from motor on the drive shaft, and to the bit. Cardan shaft mostly uses flat shaft, but some are flexible shafts. Out flat type shaft used on out downhole motor is made by linear cutting technology. So the cut has high parallelism, roughness can reach 6.3 and it doesn't damage metal chemical composition. Thus, is has a longer running life and less mechanical loss.

Downhole motor shall be disassembled as quickly as possible after use to examine cardan shaft. If it is found out that wear degree is over maintenance standard, relevant consumable components shall be changed promptly. If not, downhole motor can not be running normally due to overrun of the cardan shaft.

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