China's test machine 60 years of output value ushered in triple jump

In May 2012, at the "First China Test Machine Technology Forum" sponsored by the China Instrument Industry Association Experimental Instruments Branch and Instrument Information Network, Beijing Materials Analysis and Testing Service Alliance and I would like to test the network, the Chinese instrumentation industry Li Chunming, the secretary general of the Association’s experimental instrumentation division, said: “At present, China has one of the largest number of testing machine companies in the world. The testing machine provided by this cluster can basically meet the market demand for low-grade products in China. The cost performance of individual products is close to or has reached the international advanced level.At the same time, internationally renowned testing machine manufacturing companies have also entered the Chinese market, almost monopolizing the market share of domestic high-end products, and some manufacturers also compete with domestic companies for the mid-range product market. Shares."

Then, in the face of this situation, how should domestically-made testing machine companies compete with foreign testing machine companies? In this regard, the instrument information network editor interviewed Li Chunming, who asked him to analyze the technology and market development of the testing machine industry in China, hoping to point out the direction for the sound development of the domestic testing machine industry.

Yesterday: The industry began to take shape. The total output value of the main products of the imitation industry was less than RMB 100 million. At the beginning of the interview, Li Chunming said that before the liberation of old China, there was hardly any enterprise specializing in the production of testing machine products, let alone a test. Machine manufacturing industry. During the 30-year planned economic system period (1949-1979), there were two landmark events: First, on October 20, 1949, China’s first professional manufacturer of testing machines—Changchun Instrument Factory (later renamed The birth of Changchun Material Testing Machine Factory) marks the beginning of China's testing machine manufacturing industry. Second, in March 1959, the Changchun Testing Machine Research Institute of the First Machinery Industry Ministry was established in Changchun, marking that China can independently develop testing machine manufacturing technology. R & D and product innovation. By the end of the 1970s, Changchun, Tianshui, Jinan, Shanghai, Laizhou, Shantou, Dandong, and Suzhou had become the main production areas of the testing machine, which indicates that China has initially formed a small testing machine manufacturing industry.

During these 30 years, there are about 30 major manufacturers of testing machines in China, and the scale of production is small. The products are mainly imitation of foreign products, mainly including mechanical/hydraulic universal testing machines and their attachments, hardness testers, and friction wear. Testing machines, mechanical vibrating tables, dynamic balancing machines, A-scan ultrasonic flaw detectors, X-ray flaw detectors and other low-tech products have an estimated total industrial output value of 0.5 to 100 million yuan. At this time, the electronic universal testing machine, electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine, high-temperature vacuum impact testing machine, high-temperature vacuum creep testing machine, and acoustic emission detector developed by the Changchun Testing Machine Research Institute represented the technological development of the Chinese testing machine at that time. Level.

In addition, the Changchun Tester studied its identity as an industry focal point, carried out the standardization work of the testing machine industry, the preparation of the industry development plan, established a testing machine technical intelligence network, and set up a material testing machine testing center station (national test The predecessor of the Quality Inspection Center of Machine Products), edited and published the academic journal of China's testing machine industry - "Material Testing Machine" (now known as "Engineering and Testing"), which has played a significant role in promoting the technological development of the testing machine industry in China. .

For this period, Li Chunming pointed out: "It should be fully affirmed that during this period of 30 years (1949-1979), the independent rise and development of China's testing machine industry has reduced the impact of Western countries on China's technological blockade. National economic development and the development of national defense have played and played a positive role in promoting safeguards."

Today: The formation of 200 enterprise groups has achieved mixed technical progress. The total industrial output value has reached 6 billion yuan. During the 30 years of reform and opening up, that is, during the period of the market economy system (1980-2010), the technology of our testing machines has developed rapidly, mainly in The following aspects:

(1) The measurement technology, control technology, and computer application technology of the static testing machine have made major breakthroughs, and the technical indicators of the electronic universal testing machine and the microcomputer-controlled hydraulic universal testing machine have approached or have reached the level of similar products of the world. Cost-effectiveness is better than similar foreign products;

(2) DSP-based electro-hydraulic servo dynamic and static universal testing machine and high-frequency fatigue testing machine based on all-digital technology have been put on the market, indicating that the key technologies of domestic dynamic testing machine have been greatly improved;

(3) The development of multi-channel, multi-degree-of-freedom coordinated mechanical testing system and actual working condition simulation test system has made rapid progress, and some products have been put into the domestic market;

(4) The measurement and control technology of the dynamic balancing machine has made rapid progress, and the performance index and stability have been significantly improved. The domestically-manufactured automatic de-balancing machine has been put into the domestic market in batches;

(5) Large-tonnage electric vibratory shaker has reached the advanced level of similar international products;

(6) The measurement and control display technology of the hardness tester has made remarkable progress, and products such as the Leeb hardness tester also occupy a large share in the international market.

In addition, various testing machines that meet the individual requirements of users have also developed rapidly. Such as biomechanical testing machine, large-scale structural testing machine, high and low temperature constant temperature and humidity salt spray and other environmental testing machine, rock and soil mechanics model testing machine, electronic creep testing machine, instrumental impact testing machine, non-metallic material testing machine, digital ultrasonic Detector, X-ray real-time imaging inspection system, large-scale X-ray cargo/vehicle, baggage inspection system, high-temperature high-speed wire electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detector, etc.

However, Li Chunming and Gao Gong also pointed out: “Compared with foreign products, domestic test machines still have a large gap in terms of technical level. In terms of static test machines, domestic test machines are compared with foreign products in terms of accuracy and other general indicators. The gap is not large, but there is still a big gap in terms of process performance, stability, reliability, customization, software openness and scalability, and application of testing machines. In terms of dynamic testing machines, domestically produced The key technologies of the testing machine, such as servovalve, actuator, controller and application software, have almost no major breakthroughs. For example, the servo valves used by various companies are almost all foreign, while for the controller, only a few domestic manufacturers can only manufacture Single-channel, standard controllers do not currently have the capability to develop multi-channel controllers or multi-channel coordinated controllers that can simultaneously satisfy multiple technical specifications.

In addition, Li Chunming Gao Gong also said: "As a result of the role of the market economy system and the rapid development of modern industrial technology, China's testing machine industry has also achieved rapid development. According to incomplete statistics, in 1989 the national production test machine manufacturers approaching 50 Home; In 2008, 76 enterprises above designated size reached the scale, coupled with companies under the scale, conservative estimates, the domestic manufacturers of production testing machines will not be less than 200, has formed a group of companies, including nearly 20 key enterprises. 2010 In the year, the total industrial output value of 100 large-scale enterprises has reached 6 billion yuan, and the market sales in that year have also exceeded 5.9 billion yuan, and the export value has approached 100 million US dollars."

For this period, Li Chunming concluded: "At this stage, China's test technology has transitioned from the statics test phase to the dynamics test phase, and a few test technologies have entered the technical stage of dynamic load and environmental comprehensive simulation test. Since the reform and opening up, Especially during the period (1995-2010), the technical level of domestic tester products has also been greatly improved, the quality of products has been significantly improved, the product variety has developed rapidly, and the application of products has also almost covered modern engineering. Scientific theory research and engineering performance testing in various fields."

Tomorrow: Facing the domestic market, a good environment will usher in four major development trends. The total industrial output value will exceed 10 billion yuan along with the development of the national basic strategic industry, the top ten revitalization industries, emerging industries, and modern manufacturing service industries (independent third-party testing organizations). New, more advanced, and more complex demands were put forward for the testing and testing of new materials, parts and components, structural parts, complete vehicles, and various types of engineering projects. These have brought new developments to the development of the testing machine industry. Opportunity.

According to Li Chunming's high-tech prediction, the future development trend of experimental technology is:

(1) In terms of test objects, the company has expanded its materials and components to include complete machines, complete vehicles, systems, major facilities, and various types of engineering projects;

(2) In terms of test space, it has expanded from scientific research institutes and colleges and universities to the company's central laboratories, quality inspection departments, production sites, construction sites for engineering projects, and even to the universe outside the atmosphere;

(3) In terms of test methods, the method extends from a discrete sample to a batch sample and is on-line, continuous, real-time, automated;

(4) In terms of experimental theory, China's experimental techniques and test methods will be continuously innovated along with the development of engineering theory and engineering performance tests.

Along with the development trend of test technology, the development of test machine products in the future will develop in the direction of functional modularization, serialization, and common use; it will develop in the direction of specialization and specialization; it will accurately simulate various special environments and simulate actual conditions. Development of working conditions to provide comprehensive and complex test conditions that are closer to the specific environment and actual conditions; to develop in the direction of automation, intelligence, and networking; application software for testers will be scalable and scalable. In a certain sense, the merits and demerits of future trial systems will be more manifested in the application software of their systems.

Finally, Li Chunming and Gao Gong said: "Looking into the future, China's testing machine needs measurement, control, design and manufacturing of key components, application software, simulation of special environments and actual conditions, materials, parts, and major products. Breakthroughs have been made in the prediction of complex systems, major facilities, and important project life; breakthroughs have been made in the R&D and manufacture of high-grade test instruments with large import volumes. The major products have to catch up with the level of similar foreign products and reduce the import of high-end test instruments. The quota will occupy a certain amount of domestic and foreign market share at a cost-effective rate. By 2020, the domestic industrial output value and sales volume of the testing machine industry will reach 10 billion yuan (including exports), and the annual growth rate will be around (10-15)%. However, the annual import value of the testing machine decreased from (40-50)% of current sales in the domestic market to (20-25)%.