Squeezed into the "narrow gate" of high pressure common rail

In front of the Chinese internal combustion engine industry, there is a "narrow gate" called "high pressure common rail."

A full 50 years ago, this technology, known as the "engine revolution in the internal combustion engine", was born in Switzerland. After 45 years, China FAW Wuxi Oil Pump and Nozzle Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as "oil-free") was regarded as "the only hope to save China's high-pressure common rail technology." It announced that it has successfully developed the first set of diesel engines with independent intellectual property rights in China. Rail fuel system. It was also in that year that a private enterprise in Liaoning Province, China, called “New Style” began to introduce this technology from Liebherr in Germany and realized mass production not long ago.

On July 16, 2010, Liaoning Xinfeng Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Xinfeng Group”) put into operation 400,000 high pressure common rail fuel injection systems. With the “accidental” disappearance of oil-free areas in recent years, the Xinfeng Group has become the only “star of the fire” that can currently mass produce this system in China.

During the past 50 years, high pressure common rail technology has undergone several updates and replacements. At the same time, China has become the world’s largest heavy truck market and the world's largest producer of diesel engines. But today, the cutting-edge technology of high pressure common rail is still firmly in the hands of the four major companies in three countries (BOSCH in Germany, DELPHI in the United States, DENSO in Japan, and SIEMENS in Germany). They either set up production bases in China or set up market development centers, and without exception set strict technical confidentiality policies in order to maintain a long-term technical monopoly and dominant position in the Chinese market.

Can the "breakout" of the new style make a blood in the territory of multinational corporations? Will it also end in the year when Wei Fu was captured? Or could it not be able to bring its masses to market after the oil-free problem has been solved, and it will eventually become a symbol to be placed in a cabinet? These questions can only be left to time.

Former glory

China's oil pump nozzle industry was once brilliant.

During the period of the First Five-Year Plan (1953-1957), with the milestone of Luoyang No. 1 Tractor Plant assisted by the Soviet Union, China's diesel engine industry and its associated oil pump nozzle industry were initially established. In the era of mechanical fuel injection systems, China first achieved a technical start through a series of imitations. The main target of introduction was the Soviet Union.

In the 1960s, imitation greatly enhanced China's level of technology in this area. Even some products and enhanced pumps based on this have still been used in some agricultural machinery. At that time, there were 10 oil pump nozzle companies under the Ministry of Machinery Industry, including 8 professional oil pump nozzle factories in Wuxi, Beijing, Nanjing, Jinjiang, Hanjiang, Hubei, Shandong and Dalian, as well as oil pump nozzle sub-units attached to Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory and Luoyang Tractor Factory. , has formed an "8 + 2" industry structure.

After the reform and opening up, the rapid development of China's auto industry, especially the implementation of the "gasoline to diesel fuel" policy for trucks, has promoted the rapid development of the diesel engine industry, which has directly stimulated the rapid expansion of the oil pump nozzle industry. Around the beginning of the 1990s, China's oil pump nozzle enterprises reached a peak in number and the number of enterprises reached 200. At that time, the oil pump nozzle was in short supply, and entrepreneurs in the industry were profitable. With the further development of the market economy, the oil pump nozzle industry has witnessed fierce turmoil and differentiation in the following 10 years. Although the number of enterprises has dropped sharply, it has gradually developed toward concentration. The output of the top 10 companies accounts for 80% of the total output of the industry. At the same time, according to data records, the oil pump nozzle industry at that time still had a good performance. In 2003, the industry produced a total of 1.973 million multi-cylinder injection pumps, and the annual sales revenue was 4.19 billion yuan.

In general, in the era of mechanical fuel injection systems, China's oil pump nozzle industry has developed relatively smoothly. In the Euro II emission standard and the following product areas, although multinational corporations have also landed in China and even invested in factories in China, the multinational corporations have not achieved a clear competitive advantage in terms of diesel fuel injectors alone.

However, the technical revolution of the diesel fuel injection system from mechanical to electronic control has quickly threatened the survival of China's oil pump nozzle industry. At the same time, there has been a fundamental change in the relationship between Chinese companies and technology-introducing objects, which has resulted in the elimination of the conditions that would have made it easier to introduce technology through imitation or purchase of technology licenses in the past.

One unavoidable fact is that when the electronic diesel injection technology of foreign companies has begun to spread and enter the Chinese market in large quantities, all Chinese companies can only produce mechanical oil pump nozzles. The following data recorded everything at the time: In 2004, China produced 1.51 million trucks, of which 1.419 million were heavy-duty trucks and buses using diesel engines. However, the Chinese diesel engine industry that satisfies such a huge market will have to rely entirely on fuel injection systems controlled by foreign companies.

At this time, no oil station stood out.

At the time, Oilless made a decision to suspend the development of all Euro II emission standards and the following products, and put all manpower and material resources into the research and development of Euro III emission standards and above, and determined to be alone. The shoulder shoulders heavy responsibility for the industrialization of the electronically controlled high pressure common rail system.

In the end they still succeeded. On May 13, 2006, CCTV's 19-point news broadcast program reported in 3 minutes and 25 seconds that oil-free independent innovations had overcome world problems and successfully developed China's diesel common rail fuel injection system with independent intellectual property rights. Successful export to Germany. For a time, oil-free has become a typical example of independent innovation that was reported by major media at that time. However, it is regrettable and puzzled that after harvesting numerous applause and flowers, the oil-free common rail products have not been put into the market as bulk commodities.

The reporter read the news report at the time and found such a paragraph: “The common rail system is now supporting the market in small batches, mainly domestically.” Zhu Jianming, director of the oil-free institute, said that the key significance of producing common rail products without oil is not that How many batches, but the country has mastered this technology, has the ability to produce common rail systems, and thus have more negotiated capital.

The reasons for this result come from many aspects. There are powerful offensives from external competitors, and there are multiple contradictions in the internal system. But in short, such stories are still worth scrutinizing and summing up.

Look up and down

Fortunately, it is now "pulling out" a new trend.

It was also in 2006 that Oilless was a major success. Newwind Group introduced diesel high pressure common rail system from the CRT Common Rail Technology Co., Ltd. (the birthplace of the technology) of Liebherr in Germany. We look forward to working hard in this new area. .

Four years later, the company announced that it has developed a high pressure common rail system suitable for Chinese automotive diesel engines and has independent intellectual property rights, and established a research and development center and a manufacturing base for high pressure common rail systems based on domestic and world-wide With independent intellectual property rights, domestic diesel engines can meet the Euro III and Euro IV emission standard common rail technologies.

On July 16, 2010, the group's 400,000 sets of high pressure common rail fuel injection systems were formally put into production, which became the only company in China with independent intellectual property rights capable of mass production of high pressure common rail systems.

So far, the company has completed the first and second phase of the project and invested 1.34 billion yuan. In the second half of 2010, the third phase of the investment of 3.3 billion yuan will start construction and it is expected to be completed in July 2013. After the entire project is completed, it can produce 2 million high pressure common rail systems each year, which will become China's largest production base for high pressure common rail products.

The same way to break the monopoly, the same blockbuster, but after the development of the road, the new style group will come out what kind of different trajectory?

"Of course, in some indicators, there is still a certain gap between our products and foreign brands, but these gaps are not obvious in the use of end users, and key indicators such as reliability, fuel consumption, and emission levels are not available with well-known foreign brands. For example, the engine that we match for Great Wall Motor has a lower fuel consumption than the engine equipped with a foreign high-pressure common rail system.” Kang Kai, general manager of Xinfeng Group, was rather modest in the face of reporters. He said, "We also need to improve, in the matching engine process, the shape of our products need to be optimized according to the needs of users, such as nozzle nozzle design needs to be adjusted according to the engine combustion chamber." According to the introduction of Kang Kai, the new wind The high pressure common rail system is currently being supported by engine companies such as Chaochai, Yunnei and Yangdong.

However, Xing Min, chairman of the China Combustion Engine Association, told the China Industry News that the fresh air is only a beginning. The world-class equipment and relatively complete R&D team have provided them with favorable conditions for further development. However, it will take time for the new wind to truly become a company that can compete with multinational companies.

First of all, the maturity of technology and the development of new functions cannot be accomplished overnight. It requires more experience for such a young enterprise. Second, at present, China's implementation plan for the vehicle emission standards is still pending, and the market for high-pressure common rails has not really opened. At the same time, the new winds are directly facing the strong competition of multinational corporations. When dealing with them, they not only need courage and confidence but also have accumulated experience and wisdom.

However, Xing Min said that the “narrow gate” of the high-pressure common rail is sooner or later to cross over, and the sooner the better.

Knowledge gas station : High-pressure common rail technology (ie "Diesel engine electronically controlled high pressure common rail technology") - refers to the closed loop system consisting of high pressure oil pump, pressure sensor and electronic control unit (ECU), which will generate the injection pressure and the injection process A method of oil supply that is completely separate from each Other. The high-pressure fuel pump conveys the high-pressure fuel to the common oil supply pipe. Through precise control of the oil pressure in the common oil supply pipe, the pressure of the high-pressure fuel pipe is independent of the engine speed, which can greatly reduce the variation of the diesel fuel supply pressure with the engine speed. Degree. The ECU controls the injection quantity of the injector. The injection quantity depends on the pressure of the fuel rail (public supply pipe) and the length of the solenoid valve opening time.

"Electrical control" means that the fuel injection system is controlled by a computer. The ECU (commonly known as a computer) precisely controls the amount of fuel injected and the timing of fuel injection for each fuel injector to achieve the best fuel economy and power of the diesel engine. Balanced, while the traditional diesel engine is controlled by the machine, the control accuracy can not be guaranteed.

“High pressure” means that the fuel injection system pressure is 3 times higher than that of a conventional diesel engine, and the highest energy can reach 200 MPa (and the traditional diesel fuel injection pressure is 60~70 MPa), and the pressure is large and the atomization is fully burned, thereby improving the dynamic performance. To achieve the purpose of fuel-efficient.

The “common rail” is supplied by the common oil supply pipe at the same time to each fuel injector. The fuel injection quantity is accurately calculated by the ECU. At the same time, fuel of the same quality and the same pressure is supplied to each injector to make the engine run more smoothly, thereby optimizing the diesel engine. Comprehensive performance. The traditional diesel engine is fuel injected by each cylinder, the fuel injection volume and pressure are inconsistent, and the operation is uneven, resulting in unstable combustion, high noise, and high fuel consumption.

Nowadays, domestically-manufactured diesel engines with advanced electronically controlled high-pressure common rail technology have adopted the latest core technologies of diesel engines from Europe and the United States, which are clearly superior to conventional supercharged diesel engines. Compared with the traditional supercharged diesel engine, the combustion efficiency is increased by 8%, the carbon dioxide emission is reduced by 10%, and the noise is reduced by 15%. This completely changes the image of diesel engines in people's minds of “noise and black smoke”.

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