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Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is a national-level scientific research promotion project, and it is an effective way for farmers to increase their income. The most representative of scientific instruments is the soil nutrient tester. The instrument can measure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in elemental fertilizer; ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium and biuret in compound (mixed) Hefei and urea; available nitrogen in organic fertilizer, available phosphorus, available potassium, Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, and humic acid are widely used. Some related staff have accumulated through years of work experience and found that in soil and crop test work, sampling errors are generally larger than on-site operation errors, reagent errors, and food errors. Therefore, we must pay attention to the collection of representative or typical samples according to the purpose and requirements of the rapid test. The following is a scientific explanation of how to properly collect soil samples.
1. The selected sample must be representative When conducting the soil nutrient fast test, the soil sample usually used for testing is a small amount, and the results of the laboratory tests are representative of the larger area. The sampling error is generally much larger than the assay error. The key to reducing the sampling error is that the collected soil sample should be fully representative.
2. Method of sampling soil samples The methods of sampling are diagonal sampling method and checkerboard sampling method and serpentine sampling method. The sampling area is generally divided into a number of sampling areas. Topography, recent farming practices, crop appearance, and yield levels in the same sampling plot should be basically the same. The area of ​​each sampling plot should not be too large, generally not exceeding 3.3 hm2 (50 acres). The distribution of the sampling points should take care of the overall situation of the soil as much as possible, and should not be too concentrated. Do not sample at the roadside, the ditch, the vicinity of the channel, and the bottom of the dunghill. Because these places do not represent the average fertility level of the plot.
During sampling, the top soil of 2 to 3 mm thick is scraped off at the sampling point, and then sampled by a ploughing device or a shovel. When using a ploughed soil excavator, take a soil core that is 0–20 cm deep. When using a shovel, pick a soil that is 20 cm deep, 10 cm wide, and 1–2 cm thick. The sampling depth of high-yielding plots can be increased to 40-50 cm. Then the soil samples collected at each sampling site were spread on the plastic sheeting in the field, crushed in large pieces, and the mixture of gravel and animal and plant residues was picked up and thoroughly mixed to make it a mixed soil sample. If you are in the field of rapid test, you can directly call the sample. If you need to bring back laboratory tests, you can use the "four points method" to eliminate many times until 0.25 to 0.5 kg. Carry the bag with a label, and use a pencil to indicate the sample number, the name of the sampled land, the date of sampling, and the sampler.
3. Specific treatment: Sampling combined with local farming practices When the above sampling methods are used in practice, they must be combined with local farming and cultivation practices. For example, in order to formulate a fertilization plan, the ridge tables can be sampled before or after fertilization. The sampling depth should be measured from the height of the ridges, and the depth of ridges should be taken as 0 to 20 cm. If the crop growth period is to guide the top dressing sampling, the root range of the crop should be taken into account, especially the distance between the maize plants. When planting, the manure is applied inside the loquat, and there is a large difference in the soil strength near or near the root zone. In the vicinity of the plant (about 10 cm) and the two ridges along the ridge to multiple, equal sampling, and then mixed. If corn and other crops are inter-planted and the fertilizer is topdressed for corn, samples are taken only in the intercropping corn plots.
My company's soil testing instruments include soil moisture meter, soil differentiation tester, etc.
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