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Hydrogen is less costly as a by-product of certain chemical and refinery production, but mass production also requires energy and necessary infrastructure support. There are still some problems with using it as a fuel, so the massive use of hydrogen will take 10 years to come. . Although this is the view of many experts, some large oil companies, including BP and Shell, have locked the energy market into hydrogen fuel and have taken various actions.
Shell Hydrogen plans to take the lead in the hydrogen economy. It started an initial development project 10 years ago, including the operation of a hydrogen charging station to support the commercial operation of hydrogen vehicles. BP also stepped up efforts to produce, distribute, and sell hydrogen, and a series of validation projects are underway, including a hydrogen station in London that supplies hydrogen-powered cars with hydrogen fuel.
Some gas companies are also actively involved in hydrogen fuel activities. Air Products believes that alternative fuels, especially hydrogen, have huge market potential. The company's several hydrogen fueling stations will be put into use in 2007. Air Liquide's activities in alternative fuels include the production and supply of hydrogen, fuel cell development and manufacturing (through its subsidiary Axane), and the production of bio-based fuels. The company's long-term goal is to use hydrogen energy systems for the automotive market. It is currently working to increase hydrogen production efficiency and develop compressed gas and refrigerating liquids for hydrogen storage so that hydrogen can be easily transported. BOC also strives to expand its ability to supply hydrogen as a fuel. It has signed a three-year project with the US Department of Energy for an investment of 3.8 million U.S. dollars, and will develop an advanced hydrogen preparation and delivery system. Praxair also participates in hydrogen supply activities and cooperates with BP in California to supply hydrogen to cars.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a class of lightweight, sturdy polymers that are expected to be used to store hydrogen fuels. The lighter the material, the more economical it is to carry the car. The main entry point for current research is to make such materials available for gas storage in fuel cells.
Dow Chemicals, in the face of rising natural gas prices in the United States, is working hard to use hydrogen, a by-product of its free-port production facility in Texas, as fuel for fuel cells. Researchers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan invented a new process that uses cellulose to produce pure hydrogen. This process not only yields close to 100% but also does not produce CO and CO2. Conventional hydrocarbon steam conversion requires an additional shift reaction to convert CO to CO2, which is then separated to produce pure hydrogen. The new process developed in Japan first decomposes cellulose into organic acids (including formic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and acetic acid), and the organic acid is completely decomposed into H2 and Na2CO3 in almost 100% yield. The new process produces hydrogen without producing methane. In addition to cellulose, the process can be applied to other types of biomass, including starch, glucose and sawdust. At present, Japanese researchers are seeking industrial partners to commercialize this technology.
Expander Energy, based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, acquired the Carbo-V process technology from Choren Industries of Germany, which uses it to produce syngas from biomass. The Carbo-V process is a three-stage gasification process that can produce approximately 10,000 Nm3/h of hydrogen using 10 tons of biomass. The $50 million investment in the device will be built in Alberta, a highly produc-ing material province in 2008. The device is similar to Choren Industrial's first industrial unit, which will be commissioned in 2007 to produce 15,000 tons/year of synthetic fuel.
According to reports, BP, a large oil company, and GE, a power-generating equipment manufacturer, have prepared to develop and put into operation as many as 15 sets of industrialized hydrogen power generation projects in the next 10 years. These projects will verify the efficiency, reliability, and economy of hydrogen for large-scale power generation and focus on future energy needs. In addition, the two companies also cooperated in the construction of a hydrogen-fired hydrogen-fired power plant of 475MW in the United States, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 2010.
Shell Hydrogen plans to take the lead in the hydrogen economy. It started an initial development project 10 years ago, including the operation of a hydrogen charging station to support the commercial operation of hydrogen vehicles. BP also stepped up efforts to produce, distribute, and sell hydrogen, and a series of validation projects are underway, including a hydrogen station in London that supplies hydrogen-powered cars with hydrogen fuel.
Some gas companies are also actively involved in hydrogen fuel activities. Air Products believes that alternative fuels, especially hydrogen, have huge market potential. The company's several hydrogen fueling stations will be put into use in 2007. Air Liquide's activities in alternative fuels include the production and supply of hydrogen, fuel cell development and manufacturing (through its subsidiary Axane), and the production of bio-based fuels. The company's long-term goal is to use hydrogen energy systems for the automotive market. It is currently working to increase hydrogen production efficiency and develop compressed gas and refrigerating liquids for hydrogen storage so that hydrogen can be easily transported. BOC also strives to expand its ability to supply hydrogen as a fuel. It has signed a three-year project with the US Department of Energy for an investment of 3.8 million U.S. dollars, and will develop an advanced hydrogen preparation and delivery system. Praxair also participates in hydrogen supply activities and cooperates with BP in California to supply hydrogen to cars.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a class of lightweight, sturdy polymers that are expected to be used to store hydrogen fuels. The lighter the material, the more economical it is to carry the car. The main entry point for current research is to make such materials available for gas storage in fuel cells.
Dow Chemicals, in the face of rising natural gas prices in the United States, is working hard to use hydrogen, a by-product of its free-port production facility in Texas, as fuel for fuel cells. Researchers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan invented a new process that uses cellulose to produce pure hydrogen. This process not only yields close to 100% but also does not produce CO and CO2. Conventional hydrocarbon steam conversion requires an additional shift reaction to convert CO to CO2, which is then separated to produce pure hydrogen. The new process developed in Japan first decomposes cellulose into organic acids (including formic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and acetic acid), and the organic acid is completely decomposed into H2 and Na2CO3 in almost 100% yield. The new process produces hydrogen without producing methane. In addition to cellulose, the process can be applied to other types of biomass, including starch, glucose and sawdust. At present, Japanese researchers are seeking industrial partners to commercialize this technology.
Expander Energy, based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, acquired the Carbo-V process technology from Choren Industries of Germany, which uses it to produce syngas from biomass. The Carbo-V process is a three-stage gasification process that can produce approximately 10,000 Nm3/h of hydrogen using 10 tons of biomass. The $50 million investment in the device will be built in Alberta, a highly produc-ing material province in 2008. The device is similar to Choren Industrial's first industrial unit, which will be commissioned in 2007 to produce 15,000 tons/year of synthetic fuel.
According to reports, BP, a large oil company, and GE, a power-generating equipment manufacturer, have prepared to develop and put into operation as many as 15 sets of industrialized hydrogen power generation projects in the next 10 years. These projects will verify the efficiency, reliability, and economy of hydrogen for large-scale power generation and focus on future energy needs. In addition, the two companies also cooperated in the construction of a hydrogen-fired hydrogen-fired power plant of 475MW in the United States, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 2010.