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With the rise of China's photovoltaic industry, the storms encountered by Chinese PV companies in the European and American markets have never stopped. In August of this year, the EU even withdrew the price commitments of eight PV companies in China, making the number of Chinese PV companies “exited†as many as 16 at present. At the same time, in the first half of this year, China's exports of photovoltaic products to Europe fell sharply by 30%. Faced with external concerns, experts said that the current diversified pattern of the global PV market has gradually formed. With the increasing share of Chinese PV companies in emerging markets such as India and Africa, China's PV industry's ability to resist risks has significantly increased.
EU PV market continues to shrink
The disqualification of some enterprises in the implementation of China-EU PV price commitments has indeed affected China's PV exports to Europe to a certain extent, but it is not the root cause of the decline in China's PV exports to Europe. According to the data, from June 2015 to August 2016, the European Commission has cancelled the price commitment qualification of 16 PV companies in China. The 16 companies that have been disqualified from the price commitment are divided into two categories: one is voluntary application for withdrawal, and four such enterprises; the other is disqualified for alleged violations of the price commitment agreement, a total of 12.
"For some enterprises to be disqualified from the price commitment, they need to watch." The Ministry of Commerce spokesperson Shen Danyang analyzed that, first of all, we must see that most enterprises still retain the price commitment qualification, and there are still 105 companies still Within the price commitment range. Secondly, some enterprises that apply for withdrawal are voluntary activities of the enterprise, mainly seeking to obtain favorable market opportunities and space for the purpose of getting rid of the terms of the price commitment agreement. Third, some enterprises do violate the agreement. The Chinese side of such enterprises supports the treatment according to the provisions of the agreement. Fourth, there are still some problems in the implementation of the current price commitment, mainly because the minimum price under the price commitment has seriously deviated from the market level price, and there are new situations such as the failure to fully predict the business model when negotiating and signing the agreement. The party makes appropriate adjustments.
In response to the decline in China's PV exports to the EU. Shen Danyang further pointed out that EU trade restrictions have affected China's PV exports to a certain extent, but the main reason for the decline in exports is that EU member states have gradually eliminated the incentive policy for PV applications, causing the market to shrink sharply. China's export volume has declined and export prices have fallen.
The data shows that the EU market has fallen from 22.4 GW, which peaked in PV installed capacity in 2011, to 8 GW in 2015. In 2015, within the price commitment, China exported 3.46 GW to the EU, with an amount of 1.785 billion euros.
"If the EU continues to maintain restrictions, it will further aggravate the shrinking situation, and it is not conducive to the long-term interests of the EU. I hope that the EU will completely terminate the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures of photovoltaics as soon as possible, so that the photovoltaic market will return to normal conditions and truly achieve mutual benefit and win-win results." Shen Danyang Say.
Asia-Pacific market diversification continues to strengthen
It is worth noting that the current global PV market is undergoing major changes. China has become the world's largest PV market. The diversification of the Asia-Pacific market continues to strengthen. The shrinking EU PV market is declining in importance in the global market.
In particular, after the first half of the rush to install the tide and the reduction of photovoltaic electricity price subsidies, China's PV market demand has temporarily declined. Since the second half of the year, the price of downstream components has fallen rapidly, which has driven the prices of the middle and upper reaches to continue to fall. Faced with the saturation of domestic market demand and the vigorous development of overseas markets such as India, China's first-line PV companies have stepped up efforts in overseas markets such as India to explore the huge development opportunities along the “Belt and Road†market.
According to the latest report from the authoritative organization Mercom Capital, as of August this year, India's cumulative solar power generation exceeded 8.1 GW, and the installed capacity of the equipment reached 2.8 GW that year. It is estimated that the new installation capacity in 2016 will reach 4.8 GW. Under the temptation of huge market prospects, major PV companies have turned from the original European and American markets to emerging markets such as India, South America and Africa.
Chen Kangping, CEO of Jinko Energy, told the Economic Daily reporter: "The industry is facing challenges, but it is expected to rebound in the fourth quarter of 2016. In the second half of the year, we have locked in a large number of large orders, expecting Latin America, India and The Japanese market is growing rapidly and the geographical distribution of the company's shipments will be more balanced."
After years of operation, Zhengxin Optoelectronics has developed several photovoltaic power generation projects in various emerging markets such as Indonesia, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Among them, the cumulative scale of power plants developed only in the Japanese market has exceeded 500 MW. “With its rich experience in photovoltaic manufacturing and product development, the company has reached a number of potential partners in the Indian market and plans to share its manufacturing experience with potential partners in India to actively build and upgrade component capacity in India.†Wang Guifen, chairman of Optoelectronics, revealed.
Give full play to the advantages of the entire industry chain
From the perspective of the international market, the photovoltaic industry has blossomed in an all-round way, and the global installed capacity is growing and the penetration rate is getting higher and higher. The International Energy Agency predicts that it will grow to 123 GW by 2030, and there may be a peak of 200 GW per year between 2030 and 2040. According to a research report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, solar energy will surpass other new energy technologies and become the cheapest energy source.
In the future, the growth of global PV installations will mainly come from emerging markets. In order to firmly occupy these markets, China's PV industry must give full play to the advantages of market, technology and industry-wide chain collaboration, and build upstream and downstream from component manufacturing to power station development. The industrial linkage pattern will give full play to the superior effects of upstream and downstream synergies.
“Although China has established some advantages in emerging markets, the export environment of photovoltaic products is still unstable. Overseas “double-reverse†investigations against Chinese PV products have occurred.†An industry insider said that from the perspective of long-term development If companies go out alone, they may encounter difficulties. They need to cooperate with the whole industry to improve their overall response level and ability to resist risks.
Compared with the mature European and American markets, emerging markets are mostly developing countries and regions with less mature industries. When opening up the market, it is more necessary to adapt to local conditions, to understand the climate characteristics, political situation, laws and regulations of the local market, and to develop local teams. Jing Jing, vice president of Jinko Energy, said that companies must first understand the differences in local policies, application differences, and differences in purchasing habits of target customers, and then choose the right counterpart products, promote communication channels, partners and cooperation methods. It depends on the brand, cost and service. This is the king of victory."
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Tungsten carbide roller material design
Pre-finishing all vehicles roller should ensure its high toughness, strength, rigidity and thermal conductivity, followed before considering its wear resistance. When designing each vehicles roller, pre-finishing materials should choose carbide grades of Co, Co- Ni- Cr binder content is high (greater than or equal to 25wt%) , requiring an average WC grain size of coarse (5μm ~ 6μm), to obtain a higher shock toughness, proper strength and hardness. For the finishing of the roller movements, particularly the last two rollers of the finish rolling, which suffered load is small, and high relative velocity of the material to be pressed (80 m / min ~ 120 m / min). In this case, the wear resistance of the roller to be the most important requirements, and must ensure the strength , timpact toughness and hardness of a reasonable match, so the binder of Co / Ni content ratio and the average grain WC control of particle size and other factors must have greater control in front of different pre-finishing rolling roll.
Tungsten carbide roller category
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Tungsten carbide roller production process control
Tungsten carbide rollers produced by powder metallurgy method, the key to its process control is the chemical composition of the material and the mixture was prepared, pressed molding, sintering and deep processing and other preparation process parameters.
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